Analisis Tingkat Kesejahteraan Terhadap Kinerja Tenaga Kesehatan Gigi Dan Mulut Di Poliklinik Gigi Puskesmas Banda Aceh

Puskesmas sebagai salah satu fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang terdekat dengan masyarakat diharapkan dapat memberikan pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang berkualitas. Untuk mencapai hal tersebut, dibutuhkan tenaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang memiliki kinerja yang baik serta tingkat kesejahteraan yang memadai. Namun, kesejahteraan dan kinerja tenaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut di Poliklinik Gigi Puskesmas Banda Aceh masih perlu diperhatikan lebih lanjut.Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis tingkat kesejahteraan dan kinerja tenaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut di Poliklinik Gigi Puskesmas Banda Aceh.. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analitik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di 11 puskesmas di Kota Banda Aceh pada rentang waktu 21 Maret sampai dengan 5 April. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 30 tenaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang dipilih secara total sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesejahteraan tenaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut di Poliklinik Gigi Puskesmas Banda Aceh berada pada kategori cukup baik, sedangkan kinerjanya berada pada kategori baik. Sebagian besar tenaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang menjadi subjek penelitian memiliki tingkat kesejahteraan material dan non-material yang tergolong sedang dan  tinggi, serta memiliki kinerja yang baik. Peningkatan kesejahteraan tenaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut di Poliklinik Gigi Puskesmas Banda Aceh dapat meningkatkan kinerja tenaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut di Poliklinik Gigi Puskesmas Banda Aceh. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi masukan bagi pengelola Puskesmas dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan kinerja tenaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut di Poliklinik Gigi Puskesmas Banda Aceh

Comparative scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray study of nano-hydroxyapatite toothpaste in correlation of remineralization

Background: Nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) is one of the most biocompatible and bioactive materials and has gained a wide attention in medicine and dentistry. Recently, a few reports have shown that n-HAp has some potential to repair dental enamel, but poor explanation is available regarding the effect of n-HAp to fluor, Ca/P ratio, and sodium silicate values on enamel surface in correlation with remineralization time. Aim: The aim is to study the comparative assessments of enamel surface morphology and descriptive analysis of fluoride, Ca/P ratio, and sodium silicate after immersed in four different solutions in 90, 180, 270, and 360 min. Materials and Methods: The crowns of 16 teeth specimens were decoronated from the roots using a water-cooled diamond bur and divided into four groups at random, and separately, based on four different solutions: Solution 1 is NaCl 0.9% with as much as 0.15 ml as control, solution 2 is a demineralized solution which is consisting of 0.3% citric acid at pH 3.25 - maintained with the use of sodium hydroxide in 10 ml as demineralization group, solution 3 is n-HAp toothpaste (4.8 g dissolved in water as much as 14.4 ml) + 0.15 ml NaCl 0.9% as n-HAp1 group, and solution 4 is n-HAp toothpaste + demineralization solution as n-HAp2 group. The whole group was put into an incubator at 37°C after being centrifuged at 70 rpm for 3 min and then washed in distilled water for 2 min, dried at room temperature, and visualized by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray at 1.2 kV. Conclusion: The present study concludes that n-HAp toothpaste does not provide any preservative remineralization potential on enamel surface. Clinical Significance: Mineral loss in demineralization enamel was not uniform and varied in different parts of the lesions. Duration of acid exposure times has been shown to decreasing the ability of toothpaste to restoring demineralization conditions. Under normal conditions, the best time to brush one’s teeth with n-Hap toothpaste is every 6 h while under the demineralization condition is 3.5 h

ANALYSIS REACTIVITY OF PUNICA GRANATUM POLYPHENOLS TO THE OSTEOCALCIN, BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-2, AND COLLAGEN TYPE-1

Objective: Punica granatum (PG) contains anthocyanins which are useful as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and prevent cancer, while also increasing bone cell proliferation and osteoblasts differentiation in bone remodeling.Methods: The reactivity of osteocalcin protein markers with PG polyphenol fractionation hydrogels observed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the degree of reactivity was determined by optical density at 550 nm.Results: PG butanol fraction has better reactivity compared to the total extract, ethyl, and hexane fraction. Based on the reactivity distribution, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and collagen Type-1 had a dominant distribution compared to osteocalcin, but the theses proteins had a strong relation (r = 0.8) with probability (P < 0.05).Conclusion: PG butanol fraction had better reactivity to osteocalcin, BMP-2, and collagen Type-1 compared with total extract, hexane, and ethyl fraction. The four PG polyphenol fractionations have dominant reactivity to BMP-2

PROFILE OF ALLERGY HYPERPLASMA PATHOLOGIC ANTIBODY AND IMMUNOGENIC CHARACTERISTIC

The objective of this research was to determine the allergy hyperplasma pathologic antibody and to evaluate the immunogenic characteristics. Blood and serum were collected from human suffering rhinitis, skin, eye and asthma allergies. To obtain a cloned allergen plasma protein (protein allergen that had been induced with the serum from human with allergic rhinitis, skin, eye and asthma), the goat was used as an intermediate animal. Hematological analysis showed that the leukocyte cell such as neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil increase in allergic-suffered human. The blood smear test exhibited that the mastocyte cell was dominant which contributes to allergy activities in human body. The sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylimide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) assay detected protein allergens with molecular weight of 188 kDa (IgE) and 60-62 kDa (mastocyte cell). The reactivity assay using enzyme linked immunosorbent-assay (ELISA) revealed that cloned-allergens (whole hyperplasma allergen from goat isolates) express the best reactivity at various concentrations of IgE than the leukocyte cells. This research concluded that the clones of protein allergen have better immunogenic characteristic and those proteins can be recommended as the candidate of allergen to induce the humoral immunity on host and deliver specific product of anti-allergy such as milk

Characteristics and Antibacterial Properties of Film Membrane of Chitosan-Resveratrol for Wound Dressing

The research aimed to evaluate the film membrane of Nano Chitosan Resveratrol (NCHR) for biological, physicochemical, and antibacterial properties. Psychochemically, the functional groups of chitosan compounds were examined by FTIR, chemical compounds by GCMS, and the morphology of chitosan and chemical elements by SEM-EDS. Biologically, the characteristics of NCHR were examined by solubility, swelling, permeability, and biodegradation tests. Meanwhile, the antibacterial properties were examined for inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) ATCC 33277 by Minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and growth assessment by spectrophotometry. Nano Chitosan (NCH) has appeared at 1033.85 cm-1 as a sharp peak indicating the P=O group and contains anti-toxicity compounds (Ethane, 1,1-diethoxy- (CAS) 1,1-Diethoxye) is 81.06% and antioxidant compounds Limonene is (1.28%). In addition, NCH has chemical elements, Oxygen Weight (69.4%), calcium (19.7%), magnesium (6.6%), and phosphorus (4.3%). NaCl 0.9%, PBS, and Aquades. In addition, it has an excellent index of water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) in all solvents (R2³ 0.95). The NCHR membrane film is bacteriostatic (≤ 300 CFU/mL) with each value of Minimal Inhibition Concentration (MIC) >15 mm. The Nano chitosan contains antitoxic, antioxidant, and antibacterial compounds with high oxygen elements. The film membrane of nano chitosan resveratrol can maintain the stability of changes in pH with a very high solubility index, swelling index, and WVTR index, as well as good biodegradation and antibacterial properties. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-03-012 Full Text: PD

Study of NT-pro-BNP and Hs-Troponin I biomarkers for early detection of children’s heart function of protein-energy malnutrition

The Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is the condition of a lack of carbohydrate and protein stores in the body that trigger chronic failure nutrient intake and body maintenance function caused to impact the heart functions. The NT-pro-BNP and Hs- Troponin I proteins were found as the indicator of cardiac dysfunction. The sixty subjects of PEM, analyzed by standard of Indonesia Healt Ministry as well as nutritional status. The blood electrolytes examined by laboratory assay and the levels of Hs-Troponin 1 and NT-Pro-BNP were analyzed by Immune-Chromatography method. Assessing of the ventricular mass with the seeing the peak of the diastolic flow rate of left ventricular that estimated by the curve of the receiver operating characteristic and the area under the curve (P<0.05). The result has shown that the PEM decreased in the left ventricular mass for impaired heart function and systolic disorder. The Hs- Troponin I (90.9%) has better sensitivity than NT-pro-BNP (85.5%) if the merger of those markers possesses the lowest sensitivity (81.8%). These proteins have good biomarkers in heart function, mainly in cases where PEM is present

Pemanfaatan susu sapi sebagai minuman kesehatan anti alergi

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Preliminary study on the inhibitory effect of seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa extract on biofilm formation of Candida albicans cultured from the saliva of a smoker [version 2; referees: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]

Background: Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus that might infect the oral cavity. Increased colony numbers of C. albicans in the mouth can be caused by multiple factors, such as smoking, weakened immune system, antibiotics use and immune-compromised condition. Smoking can increase expression of virulence factors of C. albicans and make it stronger. One virulence factor of C. albicans is biofilm formation. The ability of creating biofilm makes C. albicans more tolerant to commercial antifungal agents. The objective of this preliminary study was to examine the ability of the seaweed G. verrucosa extracts to inhibit the formation of biofilm by C. albicans isolated from the saliva of a smoker. Methods: The extract of G. verrucosa was prepared by maceration using 96% methanol and subjected for phytochemical analysis. C. albicans was isolated from the saliva of a smoker who voluntarily participated in the study after providing informed consent. In triplicate, the fungus was cultured in the growth medium containing increased concentrations of G. verrucosa (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100% ).The same reaction using fluconazole 0.31 µg/ml C. albicans was prepared as positive control. Biofilm formation was accessed based on optical density of cell mixtures using an ELISA reader. The data obtained were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis test at a significance limit of 0.05. Results: Methanol extract of seaweed G. verrucosa contained three bio-active compounds namely steroids, terpenoid, and tannins. Inhibitory activity of seaweed extracts on C. albicans biofilm formation increased as their concentration increased. The highest inhibitory effect was recorded at fungus culture treated with seaweed concentration of 25% at 24 hours of time exposure. Conclusions: Seaweed G. verrucosa extract contained steroids, terpenoids and tannins that were able to effectively inhibit the formation of biofilm by C. albicans at the concentration of 25% after 24 hours of time exposure

Preliminary study on the inhibitory effect of seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa extract on biofilm formation of Candida albicans cultured from the saliva of a smoker [version 3; referees: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]

Background: Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus that might infect the oral cavity. Increased colony numbers of C. albicans in the mouth can be caused by multiple factors, such as smoking, weakened immune system, antibiotics use and immune-compromised condition. Smoking can increase expression of virulence factors of C. albicans and make it stronger. One virulence factor of C. albicans is biofilm formation. The ability of creating biofilm makes C. albicans more tolerant to commercial antifungal agents. The objective of this preliminary study was to examine the ability of the seaweed G. verrucosa extracts to inhibit the formation of biofilm by C. albicans isolated from the saliva of a smoker. Methods: The extract of G. verrucosa was prepared by maceration using 96% methanol and subjected for phytochemical analysis. C. albicans was isolated from the saliva of a smoker who voluntarily participated in the study after providing informed consent. In triplicate, the fungus was cultured in the growth medium containing increased concentrations of G. verrucosa (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100% ).The same reaction using fluconazole 0.31 µg/ml C. albicans was prepared as positive control. Biofilm formation was accessed based on optical density of cell mixtures using an ELISA reader. The data obtained were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis test at a significance limit of 0.05. Results: Methanol extract of seaweed G. verrucosa contained three bio-active compounds namely steroids, terpenoid, and tannins. Inhibitory activity of seaweed extracts on C. albicans biofilm formation increased as their concentration increased. The highest inhibitory effect was recorded at fungus culture treated with seaweed concentration of 25% at 24 hours of time exposure. Conclusions: Seaweed G. verrucosa extract contained steroids, terpenoids and tannins that were able to effectively inhibit the formation of biofilm by C. albicans at the concentration of 25% after 24 hours of time exposure

ANTI-MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS STRAIN H37RV AND IRON CHELATION ACTIVITY OF SAPPAN WOOD EXTRACT (CAESALPINIA SAPPAN L.) IN VITRO

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strain H37Rv and iron chelation activities of sappan wood extract (SWE).Methods: The evaluation of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by proportion methods. Whereas the iron chelate in Lowenstein–Jensen (LJ) medium as the indicator of Mycobacterium growth and SWE effect.Results: The SWE has bacteriocidal to MTB of 10−3 and 10−5 dilutions in of all concentrations (250, 500, 750, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, and 16000 part per millions [ppm]) also bacteriostatic in concentration 50 and 100 ppm.Conclusion: The SWE at 100 ppm could inhibit 87% of the MTB in 10−3 and 10−5 dilutions, respectively, also to reduce to growth the colony of MTB, and has chelating effects of iron expression of LJ medium and MTB