Cosmic bulk viscosity through backreaction

We consider an effective viscous pressure as the result of a backreaction of inhomogeneities within Buchert's formalism. The use of an effective metric with a time-dependent curvature radius allows us to calculate the luminosity distance of the backreaction model. This quantity is different from its counterpart for a "conventional" spatially flat bulk viscous fluid universe. Both expressions are tested against the SNIa data of the Union2.1 sample with only marginally different results for the distance-redshift relation and in accordance with the $\Lambda$CDM model. Future observations are expected to be able to discriminate among these models on the basis of indirect measurements of the curvature evolution.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, comments and references added, accepted for publication in GR

Impacto da toxina Bt sobre comunidades de leveduras epifiticas.

Resumo: O cultivo de milho (Zea mays) está entre as mais importantes culturas do mundo, e o Brasil está em terceiro lugar na produção mundial. Com o advento da biotecnologia foram desenvolvidas plantas geneticamente modificadas que expressam a toxina Bt; conferindo à planta hospedeira alto padrão de resistência a insetos evitando, assim, grandes perdas de produção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da toxina Bt presente nas folhas de milho transgênico AG8088 YG e compará-lo com as variedades não transgênicas AG8088 e BRS 1055, quanto ao numero de colônias de leveduras epifíticas apresentadas, através da técnica de diluição e espalhamento sobre superfície. A variedade transgênica de milho reduziu, significativamente, a quantidade de colônias de leveduras epifíticas, quando comparado com as demais variedades não transgênicas. Com relação à diversidade de leveduras analisadas de acordo com a morfologia das colônias, verificou-se variação inexpressiva frente à transgênica. Abstract: Corn cultivation (Zea mays) is among the most important ones of the world and Brazil holds third place in world's production. Due to biotechnology genetically-modified plants which present the Bt toxin have been developed, giving a high pattern of resistance to their host insect, thus avoiding large production losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of Bt toxin in the leaves of transgenic corn YG AG8088 on epiphytic yeast communities, through the technique of dilution and spreading on the surface. The transgenic variety reduced the amount of epiphytic yeasts colonies, compared to all other non-transgenic varieties. Comparing both treatments, it was obtained an inexpressive variation in the diversity of yeasts colonies morphology on transgenic group

Liquid Polymorphism and Double Criticality in a Lattice Gas Model

We analyze the possible phase diagrams of a simple model for an associating liquid proposed previously. Our two-dimensional lattice model combines oreintati onal ice-like interactions and \"{}Van der Waals\"{} interactions which may be repulsive, and in this case represent a penalty for distortion of hydrogen bonds in the presence of extra molecules. These interactions can be interpreted in terms of two competing distances, but not necessarily soft-core. We present mean -field calculations and an exhaustive simulation study for different parameters which represent relative strength of the bonding interaction to the energy penalty for its distortion. As this ratio decreases, a smooth disappearance of the doubl e criticality occurs. Possible connections to liquid-liquid transitions of molecul ar liquids are suggested

Noncommutative Conformally Coupled Scalar Field Cosmology and its Commutative Counterpart

We study the implications of a noncommutative geometry of the minisuperspace variables for the FRW universe with a conformally coupled scalar field. The investigation is carried out by means of a comparative study of the universe evolution in four different scenarios: classical commutative, classical noncommutative, quantum commutative, and quantum noncommutative, the last two employing the Bohmian formalism of quantum trajectories. The role of noncommutativity is discussed by drawing a parallel between its realizations in two possible frameworks for physical interpretation: the NC-frame, where it is manifest in the universe degrees of freedom, and in the C-frame, where it is manifest through theta-dependent terms in the Hamiltonian. As a result of our comparative analysis, we find that noncommutative geometry can remove singularities in the classical context for sufficiently large values of theta. Moreover, under special conditions, the classical noncommutative model can admit bouncing solutions characteristic of the commutative quantum FRW universe. In the quantum context, we find non-singular universe solutions containing bounces or being periodic in the quantum commutative model. When noncommutativity effects are turned on in the quantum scenario, they can introduce significant modifications that change the singular behavior of the universe solutions or that render them dynamical whenever they are static in the commutative case. The effects of noncommutativity are completely specified only when one of the frames for its realization is adopted as the physical one. Non-singular solutions in the NC-frame can be mapped into singular ones in the C-frame.Comment: explanations added, references include

Some non genetic effects on pre and pos-weaning weights of Canchim calves.

Some non genetic effects on pre and pos-weaning weights of Canchim calves