Use of the Rumen Simulation Technique (RUSITEC) to provide micro-organisms to assess in vitro rate of fermentation of forages

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Degradabilidade do capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.) e da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum, L.) mais uréia no rúmen de vacas mestiças Holandês × Zebu em lactação Rumen degradability of elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum, L.) plus urea in crossbred lactating cows

<abstract language="eng">Elephantgrass shows a high stocking rate only during the rainy season. Forage production is drastically reduced in the dry season. One of the alternatives to minimize this problem is the supplementation with sugarcane plus urea. In this trial the main goal was to estimate the dry matter intake (DMI) of elephantgrass, chopped sugarcane plus 1% urea and their degradability in three lactating (11.6kg/milk/day) rumen fistulated crossbred cows (472kg/L.W.) grazing elephantgrass during the dry season. The cows had access during three consecutive night to the paddocks grazed every 30 days in a stocking rate, of 4.5 cows/hectare. Between the two milking times, cows received chopped sugarcane plus 1% urea. The DMI was on average 1.01%/L.W. for the elephantgrass and 0.88%/L.W. for the sugarcane plus 1% urea. Total DMI, taking into account both roughage and concentrate (2kg/cow/day) was 2.25%/L.W. The effective rumen degradability (ED), considering the rate of passage in the rumen of 5%/hour was 44.46% for elephantgrass and 41.94% for sugarcane plus 1% urea, DM. The elephantgrass ED crude protein was 48.58% and its neutral detergent fiber 33.82%. During the dry season lactating crossbred cows grazing elephantgrass have to receive a roughage supplement and concentrate to produce around to 12kg of milk per day

Degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro do capim-furachão (Panicum repens, L.) submetido à adubação e em diferentes idades de corte In situ degradabilities of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of furachão grass (Panicum repens, L.) under fertilization and cutting ages

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as degradabilidades potencial e efetiva da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) do capim-furachão (Panicum repens, L.) em diferentes idades de corte (15, 30, 45, 60 e 75 dias) sob presença ou ausência de adubação. As taxas de passagem das fases líquida e sólida da digesta foram também avaliadas. Cinco bovinos machos, 7/8 Holandês/Zebu, entre 30 e 36 meses de idade, com média de 545 kg PV foram distribuídos em delineamento em quadrado latino em esquema de subparcelas. As parcelas foram as cinco idades de corte; as subparcelas, os dois níveis de adubação; e as subsubparcelas, os seis tempos de incubação. Idade de corte, adubação, tempo de incubação e interações entre idade e adubação e entre tempo de incubação e adubação influenciaram a degradabilidade ruminal da MS, PB e FDN. A degradabilidade potencial da MS aumentou com o tempo de incubação. A adubação melhorou e as idades de corte reduziram a degradabilidade efetiva da MS, PB e FDN. As taxas de degradação da matéria seca variaram de 0,0481 a 0,0299h-1.<br>The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential and effective degradabilities of the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of furachão grass (Panicum repens, L) in different cutting ages (15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days) with the presence or absence of fertilization. The passage rates of liquid and solid digesta phases were also determined. Five male 7/8 Holstein x Zebu cattle from 30 to 36 months of age, with 545 kg LW were allotted into a latin square design, in a split plot arrangement. The whole plot was the five cutting ages; the split plots, the two levels of fertilization; and the split split plots, the six incubation time. Cutting ages, fertilization, incubation times and the interactions between cutting ages and fertilization and between incubation time and fertilization affected the ruminal degradabilities of DM, PB and NDF. The potential DM degradability increased with the incubation time. The fertilization increased and cutting age decreased the effective degradabilities of DM, CP and NDF. The dry matter degradation rates ranged from .0481 to .0299 h-1

Produção e composição químico-bromatológica do capim-furachão (Panicum repens L.) sob adubação e diferentes idades de corte Production and chemical composition of furachão grass (Panicum repens L.) under fertilization and different cutting ages

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de matéria seca (MS) e a composição químico-bromatológica do capim-furachão (Panicum repens L.) em diferentes idades de corte (15, 30, 45, 60 e 75 dias), na presença e ausência de adubação. Para as análises de produção e composição química, utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados, em um fatorial 5 x 2 (cinco idades de corte e dois níveis de adubação), com três repetições. A adubação proporcionou aumento na produção e redução nos teores de MS. Os teores de proteína bruta (PB) foram reduzidos com o avanço da idade da gramínea. Aos 60 dias, encontraram-se produções de 541,87 kg/ha de PB e 5343,92 kg/ha de MS e teores médios de FDN e FDA de 69,70 e 34,25% na MS, respectivamente. As idades de corte influíram nos teores de FDN e FDA, mas a adubação não influenciou os teores de FDN. Os teores de Ca não diferiram na presença ou ausência de adubação, com média de 0,13% na MS, e aumentaram com a idade de corte. Os teores de P diminuíram com o avanço da idade da gramínea, sendo o maior valor 0,22% na MS, na condição sem adubo.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate the dry matter (DM) yield and chemical composition of furachão grass (Panicum repens L.) at different cutting ages (15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days), with and without fertilization. For the yield analysis and chemical aanalysis composition, a completely randomized block design in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement (cutting ages and fertilization levels), with three replicates, was used. Fertilization increased DM produced and reduction in the DM contents. The crude protein (CP) contents decreased as the cutting ages increased. At 60 days, productions of 541,87 kg/ha CP and 5343.92 kg/ha DM and average neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of 69.7 and basis 34.25% in DM respectively were observed. The cutting ages affected the NDF and ADF average contents, but fertilization did not affect NDF contents. At 60 days of age the mean NDF and ADF contents were 69,70% e 34,25% on DM basis, respectively. The Ca contents were not affected by fertilization, with mean value of 0.13% in DM basis, and increased with the cutting age. The P contents reduced as the cutting ages of grass increased and the highest mean value was 0.22% on DM basis, in the without fertilization condition