Anesthetic management for lobectomy of a 2-month-old infant with bronchogenic cyst: Case report along with review of literature

Bronchogenic cyst, a benign congenital cystic lesion of the lung, is a rare cause of respiratory distress in children comprising 7.5% of all mediastinal masses. A thorough preoperative evaluation is crucial to plan for definitive intra- and post-operative management. All patients should be thoroughly evaluated for the presence of compression, deviation or distortion of airways and great veins. The easiest means of providing one lung ventilation in pediatrics is to intubate the main stem bronchus of the nonoperated lung. Other options available for pediatric one lung ventilation are single lumen endobronchial tubes, micro cuff tubes, Marraro bilumen tubes, and bronchial blockers. We hereby present a case report of a 2-month-old infant posted for excision of bronchogenic cyst along with a review of literature

Influence of corn sowing density and gliricidia intercropping on weed control Influências da densidade de semeadura do milho e da consorciação com gliricídia sobre o controle de plantas daninhas

There is interest in the identification of the best seeding density for new corn hybrids and on reduced use of herbicides for weed control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of seeding density (30, 50, 70, and 90 thousand plants ha-1) and weed control on green ear yield and grain yield in corn cultivar AG 1051. A completely randomized block design was adopted with split-plots (seeding densities assigned to plots) and ten replicates. Weed control was achieved by means of two hoeings and by planting corn intercropped with gliricidia (between corn rows, in pits spaced 0.3 m apart). A "no weeding"treatment was included as well. Increased seeding density increased the total number and weight of marketable green ears and decreased the biomass of both weeds and gliricidia. In non-weeded, intercropped and hoed plots, the maximum grain yield values achieved as seeding density increased were 7,881, 7,021, and 9,213 kg ha-1, respectively, obtained with populations of 67 thousand, 74 thousand, and 67 thousand plants per hectare, respectively. Intercropping did not control weeds (26 species) and provided weed growth, green ear yield, and grain yield (at the lowest densities) similar to those obtained without hoeing, except for total number of green ears, in which no influence of weed control was observed. At densities of 70 thousand and 90 thousand plants per hectare, grain yield with two hoeings was not different from yield values obtained without weeding or in the treatment intercropped with gliricidia, respectively, indicating that increased corn seeding density as well as gliricidiamay help to control weeds.<br>Existe interesse na identificação da densidade de semeadura ideal para os novos híbridos de milho e na redução do uso de herbicidas no controle de plantas daninhas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da densidade de semeadura (30, 50, 70 e 90 mil plantas ha-1) e do controle de plantas daninhas sobre os rendimentos de espigas verdes e de grãos da cultivar de milho AG 1051. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas (densidades de semeadura atribuídas às parcelas) e dez repetições. O controle de plantas daninhas foi obtido por duas capinas e pela consorciação do milho com gliricídia (entre as fileiras do milho em covas espaçadas por 0,3 m). Um tratamento "sem capinas"foi incluído como controle. O aumento da densidade de semeadura aumentou o número total de espigas e o peso de espigas verdes comercializáveis e diminuiu a biomassa das plantas daninhas e da gliricídia. Nas parcelas não-capinadas, consorciadas e capinadas foram obtidos rendimentos máximos de 7.881 kg ha-1, 7021 kg ha-1 e 9.231 kg ha-1, respectivamente, com as populações de 67, 74 e 67 mil plantas ha-1, respectivamente. A consorciação não controlou as plantas daninhas (26 espécies) e propiciou crescimento das plantas daninhas, rendimento de espigas verdes e rendimento de grãos (nas menores densidades) similares aos obtidos com a ausência de capinas, exceto para o número total de espigas verdes, no qual não houve influência do controle de plantas daninhas. Nas densidades de 70 e 90 mil plantas ha-1, os rendimentos de grãos obtidos com duas capinas não diferiram dos rendimentos obtidos com a ausência de capinas e com a consorciação, respectivamente, indicando que o aumento da densidade de semeadura, bem como a consorciação com a gliricídia podem auxiliar a controlar as plantas daninhas