Study of histomorphological spectrum of lesions in nephrectomy specimen in a tertiary care hospital in South Gujarat

Background: Nephrectomy is a standard surgical procedure in urology indicated in patients with organ confined renal malignancies and irreversible kidney damage resulting from chronic infection, trauma, obstruction and congenital malformation. This study aims to study the histomorphological features of lesions in nephrectomy specimens in a tertiary care hospital, to analyse the neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of kidney according to age, gender and site and observe any variation from the conventional pattern.Methods: The present study was conducted in department of pathology, Tertiary care hospital over a period of 5 years and 7 months (1 Jan 2013 to July 31, 2018). This included 4 years retrospective and 1 year 7 months prospective.  A total of 73 cases of were studied.Results: Males constituted 65.73% and females constituted 35.27%  of all nephrectomy cases. Right kidney was more commonly affected. Highest percentage of patients belonged to 41-50 years age group. 45 cases were of non-neoplastic lesions and 28 cases were of neoplastic lesions. Among neoplastic lesions, one case was benign while remaining 27 cases were malignant. Chronic Pyelonephritis was the most common indication overall and also amongst non-neoplastic lesions with stone identified in 55% cases. Most common neoplastic lesion in nephrectomy specimen was Renal Cell carcinoma (71.4.1%) followed by Wilms tumour (14%).Conclusions: This study gives a fair insight of the current state of incidence of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of kidney requiring surgical intervention

EFFECT OF POLYMERIC BLEND ON EX-VIVO PERMEATION STUDIES OF ACECLOFENAC LOADED FILM FORMING GEL

Objective: To date, film-forming systems have been intensively investigated for transdermal drug delivery. Film-forming systems offers various advantages compared over conventional transdermal drug delivery systems. The objective of the present study was to study the effect of polymeric blend on ex-vivo permeation studies of topical film-forming gel of aceclofenac. Methods: Film-forming gels were prepared by using Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and Eudragit polymeric blend in varied concentrations, polyethylene glycol 400 as plasticizer, ethanol as solvent and tween 80 as a penetration enhancer. The prepared film-forming gels were evaluated and the influence of the concentration and ratio of polymeric blends used plasticizer and ethanol were investigated. Results: All the prepared film-forming gels showed satisfactory properties regarding homogeneity, compatibility, viscosity and pH value. Variation in the concentration of polymers showed a variable effect on drug permeation rate from film-forming gels. Almost, all formulations permeated up to 80% of drug in 12 h and formulation F1 showed a maximum release about 97.54 % in 12 h. Conclusion: Film-forming gels of aceclofenac with sustained-release profile were successfully developed and may provide a promising effective formulation which may improve patient compliance

Clinicoradiologicial aspects of secretory carcinoma breast: A rare pediatric breast malignancy

Secretory carcinoma (juvenile carcinoma) is one of the very rare breast malignancy reported to be prevalent in pediatric age group. We report imaging and clinicopathological features of secretory carcinoma breast with distant and axillary metastasis, in an 11-year-old girl, who presented with a painful lump in right breast. Ultrasound revealed a well-defined, partially microlobulated hypoechoic mass with skin and pectoralis muscle involvement and a suspicious morphology right axillary lymph node. Color Doppler revealed increased vascularity in both the breast mass and suspicious axillary node. Magnetic resonance imaging helped in better evaluation of pectoralis muscle involvement. Computed tomography (CT) neck, chest, and abdomen revealed multiple fibronodular opacities in bilateral lung fields. 18 Flouro-Deoxy-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG PET-CT) showed a hypermetabolic retroareolar breast mass with multiple hypermetabolic bilateral lung nodules suggesting lung metastasis. The histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of secretory carcinoma. The patient was offered chemotherapy for 2 years and put on follow-up since then

Partial purification and characterization of a highly thermostable and <i>p</i>H stable endoglucanase from a newly isolated <i style="">Bacillus</i> strain M-9

382-387Cellulases to be employed for lignocellulose bioconversion for biofuel (ethanol) industry or for production of other specialty chemicals must be extremely robust to withstand harsh industrial conditions like extremes of temperature, pH, presence of inhibitory agents etc. In the present study the Bacillus strain M-9 isolated from decomposing rice bran produced significant amount of endoglucanase after 72 h of fermentation. Endoglucanase was partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation (20-50% saturation) and characterized for few properties. The endoglucanase showed activity over broad range of temperatures (30-100oC) with maximum activity at 60oC. The enzyme retained 50 and 39% of the maximum activity at 90 and 100oC, respectively. The enzyme was thoroughly stable at 50-70oC for 30 min-1 h. The endoglucanase showed activity over a wide range of pH (3-10) with maximum activity at pH 5. Detergents (SDS, Tween 80), metal ions (Zn2+, Pb2+) and EDTA caused little to moderate reduction in enzyme activity. The endoglucanase was purified to the extent of 9.06 folds by salt precipitation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Endoglucanase showed molecular weight of approximately 54 kDa as examined by SDS-PAGE. High thermostability and acid/alkalistability of the endoglucanase reflect potential commercial significance of the enzyme

Characterization of thermo-tolerant and acid/alkali tolerant β-glucosidase from bacterial isolate M+

242-247This study presents isolation and characterization of β-glucosidase (BG) from a bacterial isolate. Enzyme showed maximum activity at 50°C (2200 IU/l), however, relatively good activity (1600-1900 IU/l) was maintained even at higher temperature (60-80°C). Enzyme was thoroughly stable at 50-80°C for 30 min to 1 h and retained activity (75-100%), indicating its substantial thermo-tolerant nature. Maximum activity of BG was found at pH 6 (2200 IU/l), but significantly good activity was also observed at pH 5 (1800 IU/l), 7 (2000 IU/l), 8 (1900 IU/l) and 9 (1500 IU/l). Pb²⁺ caused considerable increase in enzyme activity (47%), while Zn²⁺ caused a little reduction (7%). SDS-PAGE showed a single band of BG (mol wt, 24 kDa)