19 research outputs found
Spatial dimensions of stated preference valuation in environmental and resource economics: methods, trends and challenges
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Crop response functions integrating water, nitrogen, and salinity
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Effects of nutrient restrictions on confined animal facilities: Insights from a structural-dynamic model
Nutrient emissions from animal feeding operations continue to degrade water and air quality. New regulations will limit the amounts of nutrients that can be locally applied to land. In this paper, a structural-dynamic model of a livestock-crop operation is calibrated with data from a representative farm and is used to predict the effects of nitrogen regulations. Policy simulations clarify the importance of dynamic elements and demonstrate three main results: (1) cost estimates for large producers are higher than suggested by previous studies; (2) cross-media pollution effects are potentially significant; and (3) improved input management appears most promising for reducing both water and air emissions and waste management costs. Implications for policy and future research are discussed. © 2008 Canadian Agricultural Economics Society
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Crop response functions integrating water, nitrogen, and salinity
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Fundamentals of estimating the net benefits of ecosystem preservation: The case of the Salton Sea
This article, both theoretical and methodological in nature, argues the potential merits of using a net benefits' framework as a tool to aid policy makers in their efforts to compare Salton Sea restoration alternatives and inform the public as to the potential magnitude and distribution of trade-offs associated with each alternative. A net benefits' approach can provide a more accurate comparison and evaluation of the potential net returns from public spending on Salton Sea restoration than what would be provided under the suggested criteria of current legislative mandates. Furthermore, a net benefits' framework provides a more lucid and systematic accounting framework by which to enumerate the full array of benefits and costs of each alternative for policy analysis. Finally, net benefits' analysis serves to add transparency to the decision-making process so that the public gains an understanding of how its scarce resources, including both financial and natural capital, are being appropriated. Additionally, we illustrate and emphasize the importance of estimating the non-market values associated with many of the ecosystem services provided by the Salton Sea and describe the major techniques that do so. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V
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Fundamentals of estimating the net benefits of ecosystem preservation: The case of the Salton Sea
This article, both theoretical and methodological in nature, argues the potential merits of using a net benefits' framework as a tool to aid policy makers in their efforts to compare Salton Sea restoration alternatives and inform the public as to the potential magnitude and distribution of trade-offs associated with each alternative. A net benefits' approach can provide a more accurate comparison and evaluation of the potential net returns from public spending on Salton Sea restoration than what would be provided under the suggested criteria of current legislative mandates. Furthermore, a net benefits' framework provides a more lucid and systematic accounting framework by which to enumerate the full array of benefits and costs of each alternative for policy analysis. Finally, net benefits' analysis serves to add transparency to the decision-making process so that the public gains an understanding of how its scarce resources, including both financial and natural capital, are being appropriated. Additionally, we illustrate and emphasize the importance of estimating the non-market values associated with many of the ecosystem services provided by the Salton Sea and describe the major techniques that do so. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V
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Have Chinese water pricing reforms reduced urban residential water demand?
China continues to deal with severe levels of water scarcity and water pollution. To help address this situation, the Chinese central government initiated urban water pricing reforms in 2002 that emphasized the adoption of increasing block rate (IBR) price structures in place of existing uniform rate structures. By combining urban water use records with microlevel data from the Chinese Urban Household Survey, this research investigates the effectiveness of this national policy reform. Specifically, we compare household water consumption in 28 cities that adopted IBR pricing structures during 2002–2009, with that of 110 cities that had not yet done so. Based on difference-in-differences models, our results show that the policy reform reduced annual residential water demand by 3–4% in the short run and 5% in the longer run. These relatively modest reductions are consistent with the generous nature of the IBR pricing structures that Chinese cities have typically chosen to implement. Our results imply that more efforts are needed to address China's persistent urban water scarcity challenges