10 research outputs found
Fine structure of Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation near the Cherenkov threshold
We analyze the Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation (VCR) in a dispersive
nontransparent dielectric air-like medium both below and above the Cherenkov
threshold, in the framework of classical electrodynamics. It is shown that the
transition to the subthreshold energies leads to the destruction of
electromagnetic shock waves and to the sharp reduction of the frequency domain
where VCR is emitted. The fine wake-like structure of the Vavilov-Cherenkov
radiation survives and manifests the existence of the subthreshold radiation in
the domain of anomalous dispersion. These domains can approximately be defined
by the two phenomenological parameters of the medium, namely, the effective
frequency of oscillators and the damping describing an interaction with the
other degrees of freedom.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
Early history of particle physics
The discovery of cosmic rays is a standard example of ‘one man’s noise is another man’s
signal’. From the apparently minor leakages of electricity from well-insulated detectors
came a subject of great importance for modern science: the detection of a so-called
‘radiation’ coming from not just beyond the Earth’s atmosphere but from deep cosmic space.
Furthermore, a radiation of energy density rivalling that of starlight. Our goal is to
examine the history of the subject from the period of ‘pre-discovery’ in the years from
1900 to 1912, through the discovery itself up to the 1940’s when particle physics was
continued with accelerators. The crucial role of ‘new techniques’, principally the Wulf
electrometer and the Wilson cloud chamber and their use in precission studies by Hess,
Kolhörster, Anderson and Blackett are described. The arguments about the veracity of
Hess’s claim for an extra-terrestrial origin are included, as well as the developments
leading to the inspired discovery of the positron and the muon. The question of ‘origin’
is also examined, from the contention by Hess that the Sun was not responsible, to the
idea – still held – that supernovae are involved