Observations on the Morphology and Taxonomy of Phycopeltis hawaiiensis King (Chroolepidaceae)

Observations with light and scanning electron microscopes indicate the foliicolous chlorophyte Phycopeltis hawaiiensis King (Chroolepid aceae) is subcuticular and polystromatic, produces sterile hairs, and induces a distinct wounding, reaction in sub tending host tissue. In comparison, similar observations on Pbycopeltis epiphyton and other Phycopeltis species reveal that, although they are also foliicolous, they are supracuticular and monostromatic. Also, they neither produce sterile hairs nor induce a wounding response in the host leaf. Because the observed characteristics of Phycopeltis hawaiiensis are similar to those of Cepbaleuros virescens and other Cephaleuros species, it is suggested that Phycopeltis hawaiiensis is probably a Cepbaleuros species; however, the absence of reproductive structures renders the designation of a specific epithet problematic

Is there a best quality metric for graph clusters?

zaki.cs.rpi.edu Abstract. Graph clustering, the process of discovering groups of similar vertices in a graph, is a very interesting area of study, with applications in many different scenarios. One of the most important aspects of graph clustering is the evaluation of cluster quality, which is important not only to measure the effectiveness of clustering algorithms, but also to give insights on the dynamics of relationships in a given network. Many quality evaluation metrics for graph clustering have been proposed in the literature, but there is no consensus on how do they compare to each other and how well they perform on different kinds of graphs. In this work we study five major graph clustering quality metrics in terms of their formal biases and their behavior when applied to clusters found by four implementations of classic graph clustering algorithms on five large, real world graphs. Our results show that those popular quality metrics have strong biases toward incorrectly awarding good scores to some kinds of clusters, especially seen in larger networks. They also indicate that currently used clustering algorithms and quality metrics do not behave as expected when cluster structures are different from the more traditional, clique-like ones.