Dasar-dasar hukum perumahan

Ada cet. 2, Tahun 1992 Bibliografi hlm. 323viii, 325 hlm. ; 21 cm

Dasar-dasar hukum perumahan

viii, 325 hlm.: 21 cm

Dasar-Dasar Hukum Perumahan

viii+325hlm.;21c

Dasar-dasar Hukum Perumahan

viii,325 hlm.; 21 cm

Compact and wide-band bismuth-based erbium-doped fibre amplifier based on two-stage and double-pass approaches

In this study, a wide-band erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) operating in both C- and L-band wavelength regions is demonstrated based on two-stage and double-pass approaches. The amplifier employs two pieces of 21 and 46 cm long bismuthbased EDFs (Bi-EDFs) optimised for C- and L-band operations, respectively, which are pumped by 1480 nm laser diode and its performances are investigated in both parallel and linear configurations. Wide-band operation is achieved in both configurations that covers from 1525 to 1620 nm. Compared with the linear Bi-EDFA, the parallel Bi-EDFA provides a higher attainable gain especially for small input signal. At input signal power of 230 dBm, the average gains of the parallel Bi-EDFA are obtained at approximately 20 dB with gain variation of +2.5 dB within the wavelength region from 1530 to 1605 nm. At the input signal power of 0 dBm, the average gains of approximately 10 dB with a gain variation of +2 dB within 1540 to 1620 nm region are obtained by both parallel and linear Bi-EDFAs. The noise figures for both configurations are maintained below 10 dB in the wavelength region from 1535 to 1620 nm. The noise figures are mainly because of spurious reflection in the cavity and high reflection of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from the end face

Wideband and compact erbium-doped fiber amplifier using parallel double-pass configuration

In this article, a wide-band erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) that operates in both C- and L-band wavelength regions is demonstrated. The amplifier employs two pieces of 1.5 m and 9 m-long erbium doped fibers (EDFs) optimized for C-band and L-band operations, respectively, in double-pass parallel configuration to achieve a wideband operation from 1530 to 1605 nm. The chirp fiber Bragg grating is used in both stages to allow a double propagation of signal and thus increases the attainable gain in both C- and L-band regions. At an input signal power of −30 dBm, a measured gain varies from 23 to 36 dB within a wide wavelength region from 1530 to 1605 nm. The corresponding noise figure varies from 5.6 to 8.2 dB within this wavelength region. The gain and noise figure of the proposed parallel configuration is much better when compared to that of a serial amplifier