2,238 research outputs found
Nature of 45 degree vortex lattice reorientation in tetragonal superconductors
The transformation of the vortex lattice in a tetragonal superconductor which
consists of its 45 degree reorientation relative to the crystal axes is studied
using the nonlocal London model. It is shown that the reorientation occurs as
two successive second order (continuous) phase transitions. The transition
magnetic fields are calculated for a range of parameters relevant for
borocarbide superconductors in which the reorientation has been observed
Direct Detection of Electroweak-Interacting Dark Matter
Assuming that the lightest neutral component in an SU(2)L gauge multiplet is
the main ingredient of dark matter in the universe, we calculate the elastic
scattering cross section of the dark matter with nucleon, which is an important
quantity for the direct detection experiments. When the dark matter is a real
scalar or a Majorana fermion which has only electroweak gauge interactions, the
scattering with quarks and gluon are induced through one- and two-loop quantum
processes, respectively, and both of them give rise to comparable contributions
to the elastic scattering cross section. We evaluate all of the contributions
at the leading order and find that there is an accidental cancellation among
them. As a result, the spin-independent cross section is found to be
O(10^-(46-48)) cm^2, which is far below the current experimental bounds.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures, published versio
Radioactive isotopes reveal a non sluggish kinetics of grain boundary diffusion in high entropy alloys
High entropy alloys (HEAs) have emerged as a new class of multicomponent
materials, which have potential for high temperature applications. Phase
stability and creep deformation, two key selection criteria for high
temperature materials, are predominantly influenced by the diffusion of
constituent elements along the grain boundaries (GBs). For the first time, GB
diffusion of Ni in chemically homogeneous CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi HEAs is
measured by radiotracer analysis using the Ni isotope. Atom probe
tomography confirmed the absence of elemental segregation at GBs that allowed
reliable estimation of the GB width to be about 0.5 nm. Our GB diffusion
measurements prove that a mere increase in number of constituent elements does
not lower the diffusion rates in HEAs, but the nature of added constituents
plays a more decisive role. The GB energies in both HEAs are estimated at about
0.8-0.9 J/m, they are found to increase significantly with temperature and
the effect is more pronounced for the CoCrFeMnNi alloy.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figure
Equilibrium basal-plane magnetization of superconductive YNi(2)B(2)C - the influence of non-local electrodynamics
For a single crystal of YNi(2)B(2)C superconductor, the equilibrium
magnetization M in the square basal plane has been studied experimentally as a
function of temperature and magnetic field. While the magnetization M(H)
deviates from conventional London predictions, a recent extension of London
theory (to include effects of non-local electrodynamics) describes the
experiments accurately. The resulting superconductive parameters are well
behaved. These results are compared with corresponding findings for the case
with M perpendicular to the basal plane.Comment: 7 pages, 5 Postscript Figures, 2 table
Identification of Berezin-Toeplitz deformation quantization
We give a complete identification of the deformation quantization which was
obtained from the Berezin-Toeplitz quantization on an arbitrary compact Kaehler
manifold. The deformation quantization with the opposite star-product proves to
be a differential deformation quantization with separation of variables whose
classifying form is explicitly calculated. Its characteristic class (which
classifies star-products up to equivalence) is obtained. The proof is based on
the microlocal description of the Szegoe kernel of a strictly pseudoconvex
domain given by Boutet de Monvel and Sjoestrand.Comment: 26 page
Classification of Light-Induced Desorption of Alkali Atoms in Glass Cells Used in Atomic Physics Experiments
We attempt to provide physical interpretations of light-induced desorption
phenomena that have recently been observed for alkali atoms on glass surfaces
of alkali vapor cells used in atomic physics experiments. We find that the
observed desorption phenomena are closely related to recent studies in surface
science, and can probably be understood in the context of these results. If
classified in terms of the photon-energy dependence, the coverage and the
bonding state of the alkali adsorbates, the phenomena fall into two categories:
It appears very likely that the neutralization of isolated ionic adsorbates by
photo-excited electron transfer from the substrate is the origin of the
desorption induced by ultraviolet light in ultrahigh vacuum cells. The
desorption observed in low temperature cells, on the other hand, which is
resonantly dependent on photon energy in the visible light range, is quite
similar to light-induced desorption stimulated by localized electronic
excitation on metallic aggregates. More detailed studies of light-induced
desorption events from surfaces well characterized with respect to alkali
coverage-dependent ionicity and aggregate morphology appear highly desirable
for the development of more efficient alkali atom sources suitable to improve a
variety of atomic physics experiments.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure; minor corrections made, published in e-Journal of
Surface Science and Nanotechnology at
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ejssnt/4/0/4_63/_articl
In-medium meson properties and field transformations
Since the existing calculations of the effective meson mass in nuclear medium
involve approximations, it is important to examine whether they satisfy the
general requirement of the equivalence theorem that the physical observables
should be independent of the choice of field variables. We study here
consequences of nucleon field transformations. As an illustrative case we
consider the in-medium effective pion mass calculated for the s-wave
pion-nucleon interaction in the linear density approximation. We demonstrate
that it is necessary to include the Born term explicitly in order that the
effective pion mass should obey the equivalence theorem.Comment: 10 pages, using RevTeX4. More detailed discussion, references added.
To be published in Phys. Rev.
Heat Transport and the Nature of the Order Parameter in Superconducting
Recent thermal conductivity data on the heavy fermion superconductor
have been interpreted as offering support for an model of the order
parameter as opposed to an model. In this paper, we analyze this issue
from a theoretical standpoint including the detailed effects of Fermi surface
and gap anisotropy. Our conclusion is that although current data put strong
constraints on the gap anisotropy, they cannot definitively distinguish between
these two models. Measurements on samples of varying quality could be decisive
in this regard, however.Comment: 8 pages, revtex, 15 uunencoded postscript figure
Quantum Forbidden-Interval Theorems for Stochastic Resonance
We extend the classical forbidden-interval theorems for a
stochastic-resonance noise benefit in a nonlinear system to a quantum-optical
communication model and a continuous-variable quantum key distribution model.
Each quantum forbidden-interval theorem gives a necessary and sufficient
condition that determines whether stochastic resonance occurs in quantum
communication of classical messages. The quantum theorems apply to any quantum
noise source that has finite variance or that comes from the family of
infinite-variance alpha-stable probability densities. Simulations show the
noise benefits for the basic quantum communication model and the
continuous-variable quantum key distribution model.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure
Perceived quality of physiotherapist-led orthopaedic triage compared with standard practice in primary care: a randomised controlled trial
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