Risque dû à la consommation des boissons rafraichissantes sans alcool édulcorées

L’objectif de la présente étude est d’estimer la qualité chimique et microbiologique des différents types de boissons rafraichissantes sans alcool (BRSA) commercialisées dans la région de Djelfa. Les résultats obtenus montrent que 36.66% des échantillons sont non conformes à la réglementation Algérienne. 23.33% sont relatives à la qualité chimique (dépassement des doses de la saccharine pour 20% des échantillons et présence d’un édulcorant non autorisé, le cyclamate dans un seul échantillon) et 13.33% relatives à la qualité microbiologique (dû principalement à la flore fongique, plus particulièrement aux levures et secondairement aux coliformes). Quatre classes sont issues de la classification hiérarchique et confirment l’analyse en composante principale; ces classes ne se distinguent que pour les paramètres acésulfame K et aspartame.Mots-clés: édulcorants, CLHP, BRSA, contrôle de qualité, Djelfa.Risque result of sweaters refreshing soft drinks without alcohol consumption The aim of this study is predict chemical and microbiological quality of different type of refreshing soft drinks without alcohol (BRSA) marketed in Djelfa city. The result obtained has proved that 36.66% of samples are no conforming of Algerian regulation. 23.33% are concerning a chemical quality (the exceed of the doses of saccharin for 20% of samples and presence of a Sweetener no permit, the cyclamate in one sample) and 13.33% related to microbiological quality (to resist especially of fungal flore, more specific of yeast and secondarily of coliform). Four cases are resulted of the hierarchic classification and proved the analysis of principal compound; those classes no distinct that for acesulfam K and aspartam permanents.Keywords: sweeteners, HPLC, BRSA, quality control, Djelfa

Qualité microbiologique du lait cru ovin collecte dans la steppe centrale de l’Algérie

L’objectif de l’étude consiste à évaluer la qualité microbiologique du lait cru ovin collecté localement, en milieu steppique Algérien dans la région de Djelfa situé à 300 km au sud d’Alger. Au total 51 échantillons de lait ont été prélevés pour des fins analytiques. La contamination moyenne est de 2,3.107 cfu/mL pour la flore totale contre 1,1.105 pour les coliformes totaux et 1,5.104 pour les coliformes fécaux. Pour la flore fongique, les laits sont plus contaminés en levures qu’en moisissures (2,4.105 vs 3,4.103 germes/mL respectivement). Les Streptocoques fécaux sont détectés chez 43,14% des échantillons par contre E.coli n’est décelée que chez 17,65% des laits. Par ailleurs, 28% des prélèvements sont positifs vis-à-vis de Clostridium contre 9,8% pour Staphylococcus aureus. En revanche, tous les laits sont exempts de Salmonella. Pour ce qui est de la recherche des anticorps brucelliques, 13,73% des laits analysés sont positifs au Ring-test. La mauvaise qualité du lait reflète bien les conditions déplorables de production et la non-observance des bonnes pratiques hygiéniques lors de la traiteMots-clés : brebis, lait cru, qualité hygiénique, microorganismes pathogènes, Algérie.Microbiological quality of raw ewe’s milk in Algerian middle steppeThe objective of this study was to assess the microbiological quality of raw milk sheep collected in Algerian steppe. A total of 51 samples of bulk milk were examined. The results obtained show the unsatisfactory quality of milk analyzed. The average contamination is 2,3.107 cfu/ml for the total flora against 1,1.105 for total coliforms and 1,5.104 for fecal coliforms. For the fungal flora, milk is more contamined with yeast than fungi (2,4.105 vs 3,4.103 germes/ml respectively). Fecal streptococci were detected in 43,14% of the samples were E.coli is detected in 17,65% of the milk. In addition, 28% of samples are positive for Clostridium against 9,8% for Staphylococcus aureus. All milk are free from Salmonella. In terms of Brucella antibody, 13,73% of milk are ring test positive. The poor quality of milk reflects the deplorable conditions of production and non-observance of good hygiene practices during milking.Keywords : Ewe, Raw milk, Hygienic quality, Pathogens, Algeria

Composition and Nitrogen Distribution of Ouled-Djellal and Rumbi Algerian Ewe's Milk

Abstract: The chemical composition and nitrogen distribution of milk from two ewe's breed (Ouled-Djellal and Rumbi) (n = 20 each) reared in Algerian area steppe, were studied. The ewes were balanced for age and weight. All were in middle period of lactation. Individual milk samples were taken from each ewe third time from lactating period during spring season. Rumbi ewe's milk gave the highest values (p≤0.01) for lactose (4.89±0.61%), solid non-fat (11.19±0.87%) and density (1037.57±3.78) than Ouled-Djellal ewes (4.38±0.45%, 10.24±0.77% 1033.82±2.59, respectively) and lowest values (p≤0.01) for freezing point (-0.57±0.05°C vs -0.53±0.02°C). No significant difference was observed between the two breeds on fat, protein, total solids. The mean percentages were 6.26±1.38%, 5.54±0.76 and 16.51±1.44%, respectively for Ouled-Djellal ewes, while those of Rumbi's were 5.66±3.52%, 5.91±1.10% and 16.85±3.32%, respectively. No statistical differences related to the breed were found in the milk for all nitrogen fractions. Rumbi ewe's milk contains about 1.01% nitrogen however Ouled-Djellal's hold about 0.96%. Total nitrogen content is distributed between non-protein nitrogen (0.09% in all breeds) and protein nitrogen (0.93 vs 0.87% for Rumbi and Ouled -Djellal ewes respectively). The protein nitrogen includes casein nitrogen (0.76 vs 0.71) and whey protein nitrogen (0.20 vs 0.19%) from Rumbi and Ouled-Djellal ewes, respectively. Algerian sheep breeds were not actually selected for their milk production; selection program should be implemented to improve milk production and increase fat and protein contents. Thus further studies should carry out on milk ability and milk yield of these breeds

Profils en acides gras libres, cholestérol et indices lipidiques du lait cru ovin issu de deux races algériennes (Ouled-Djellal et Rumbi) collecté en milieu steppique

Free fatty acid profiles and cholesterol and lipid indexes of raw ewe's milk from two Algerian breeds (Ouled-Djellal and Rumbi), collected in the steppe area. Description of the subject. This article aims to characterize the fat content of raw ewe's milk, collected locally in the Algerian central steppe, an area highly appreciated for its production of smen (traditional butter). Objectives. The objective of this study was to investigate the free fatty acid profile and the cholesterol and lipid indexes of raw ewe's milk from two Algerian local breeds (Ouled-Djellal and Rumbi). Method. Milk was collected from 20 ewes of each breed three times during the middle stage of lactation. The milk fat was extracted using the Rose-Gottlieb method. Fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. Results. Palmitic (24.4% ± 3.3), oleic (24.2% ± 4.6), stearic (10.8% ± 3.5), myristic (10.4% ± 1.9) and capric (8.3% ± 3.5) acids dominated and accounted for 78.1% of the total fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids predominated compared to unsaturated fatty acids (69.6% ± 5.3 vs 30.8% ± 5.1), and monounsaturated fatty acids outweighed the polyunsaturated (26.3% ± 4.7 vs 4.5% ± 1.1). The Ouled-Djellal milk had a higher short-chain fatty acid content than the Rumbi milk (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the Rumbi milk was richer in medium chain fatty acids. The two types of milk differed significantly regarding their palmitic and palmitoleic acid content (p < 0.05). Within the long chain of fatty acids, only the stearic acid (10.88% ± 2.83 vs 12.34% ± 2.75; p < 0.01) and the arachidic acid (0.26% ± 0.18 vs 0.35% ± 0.09; p < 0.05) were influenced by the breed. Conclusions. Results showed that milk from the Rumbi ewe was richer in fatty acids than the milk from the Ouled-Djellal and that Rumbi ewe's milk may be of value in dairy technology due to the socio-economic impact that it can generate