Visuality and Textuality in Hagiographic Posters of Old Believers of the Chasovennye (“chapel-going”) Denomination

Modern-day Old Believers of the ‘chapel-going” denomination (chasovennye) strive to preserve their doctrines and culture, and yet they are willing to adapt them in order to meet the needs of their communities in our constantly developing and changing world. Old Believers seek to compensate for the increasing and often destructive influence of the outer world on their traditions by simultaneously cultivating existing genres and creating new genres of their confessional art. The realistic representation of spiritual leaders in portraits, which are often accompanied by spiritual verses can be attributed to such an innovation. This composition can be attributed as visual-texts hagiography. The field collections made by the authors in 2016–2018 in Russia (on the territory of Eastern Siberia — Tuva, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk oblast) and in the USA (Oregon, Minnesota), where the Chasovennye communities are found, were used as sources for this study – including images, written and oral sources. We have examined a number of portraits of monks and hegumenons of taiga sketes, especially those of Frs. Grigorii, Gurii, Timofei, Lavrentii and Mikhail. Of particular interest is the portrait of Fr. Mikhael and the accompanying informative memorial verse, dedicated to this famous religious figure of this denomination (full text provided in the article). The additional meaning given to the image by the memorial text turns it into an informative and highly dramatic hagiographic unity of the visual and the textual. This combined type of hagiography, common among contemporary Old Believers of the Chasovennye denomination, has become an integral part of reconstruction, saving an

Nonequilibrium brittle fracture propagation: Steady state, oscillations and intermittency

A minimal model is constructed for two-dimensional fracture propagation. The heterogeneous process zone is presumed to suppress stress relaxation rate, leading to non-quasistatic behavior. Using the Yoffe solution, I construct and solve a dynamical equation for the tip stress. I discuss a generic tip velocity response to local stress and find that noise-free propagation is either at steady state or oscillatory, depending only on one material parameter. Noise gives rise to intermittency and quasi-periodicity. The theory explains the velocity oscillations and the complicated behavior seen in polymeric and amorphous brittle materials. I suggest experimental verifications and new connections between velocity measurements and material properties.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett., 6 pages, self-contained TeX file, 3 postscript figures upon request from author at [email protected] or [email protected], http://cnls-www.lanl.gov/homepages/rafi/rafindex.htm

Elastic forces that do no work and the dynamics of fast cracks

Elastic singularities such as crack tips, when in motion through a medium that is itself vibrating, are subject to forces orthogonal to the direction of motion and thus impossible to determine by energy considerations alone. This fact is used to propose a universal scenario, in which three dimensionality is essential, for the dynamic instability of fast cracks in thin brittle materials.Comment: 8 pages Latex, 1 Postscript figur

РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСТРУКТИВНОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ ЛЕГКИХ В КРУПНОМ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ ЦЕНТРЕ (НИЖНИЙ НОВГОРОД)

Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a large industrial city (Nizhny Novgorod)Распространенность хронической обструктивной болезни легких в крупном промышленном центре (Нижний Новгород

Эпидемиологическая характеристика табакокурения и сравнительная оценка состояния респираторной системы у молодых мужчин

The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of tobacco smoking in healthy young men and to investigate smoking status, prevalence of respiratory symptoms and respiratory diseases and to measure lung function in smokers and non-smokers. Methods.This was a prospective cohort epidemiological study involving healthy male medical students. The participants fulfilled the GARD questionnaire. All participants underwent spirometry. Physical status was assesses with 1-km race time. Fagerstrom test of nicotine dependence was used in smokers. Results. The prevalence of tobacco smoking in young men was 20.9%. Smoking was started at the age of 16 – 20 years in 72.5%. Most smokers were mild smokers with low nicotine dependence and high motivation to continue smoking. Smokers more often had respiratory symptoms, acute respiratory infections, pneumonias, and allergy compared with healthy non-smokers. Conclusion. Based on the results of this study, thorough medical examinations of healthy young smokers is reasonable. Smoking cessation programs should be developed for this cohort.Табакокурение – ведущий фактор риска многих заболеваний, в т. ч. патологии респираторной системы. Цель. Оценка распространенности табакокурения у здоровых молодых мужчин и статуса курения курящих респондентов, частоты респираторных симптомов, перенесенных болезней органов дыхания, параметров легочной функции у курящих и некурящих лиц. Материалы. Распространенность курения среди молодых мужчин составила 20,9 %, из них 72,5 % начали курить в 16–20 лет. У большинства молодых курильщиков отмечены низкий индекс курения, слабая степень никотиновой зависимости, но высокая приверженность продолжению курения. Результаты. В группе курильщиков чаще отмечались респираторные симптомы и аллергические проявления, перенесенные пневмонии и острые респираторные вирусные инфекции по сравнению с некурящими мужчинами. Заключение. Опираясь на результаты настоящего исследования, следует подчеркнуть целесообразность углубленного медицинского обследования здоровых курящих молодых мужчин и внедрения антисмокинговых программ

Rupture process of large earthquakes in the northern Mexico subduction zone

The Cocos plate subducts beneath North America at the Mexico trench. The northernmost segment of this trench, between the Orozco and Rivera fracture zones, has ruptured in a sequence of five large earthquakes from 1973 to 1985; the Jan. 30, 1973 Colima event ( M s 7.5) at the northern end of the segment near Rivera fracture zone; the Mar. 14, 1979 Petatlan event ( M s 7.6) at the southern end of the segment on the Orozco fracture zone; the Oct. 25, 1981 Playa Azul event ( M s 7.3) in the middle of the Michoacan “gap”; the Sept. 19, 1985 Michoacan mainshock ( M s 8.1); and the Sept. 21, 1985 Michoacan aftershock ( M s 7.6) that reruptured part of the Petatlan zone. Body wave inversion for the rupture process of these earthquakes finds the best: earthquake depth; focal mechanism; overall source time function; and seismic moment, for each earthquake. In addition, we have determined spatial concentrations of seismic moment release for the Colima earthquake, and the Michoacan mainshock and aftershock. These spatial concentrations of slip are interpreted as asperities; and the resultant asperity distribution for Mexico is compared to other subduction zones. The body wave inversion technique also determines the Moment Tensor Rate Functions ; but there is no evidence for statistically significant changes in the moment tensor during rupture for any of the five earthquakes. An appendix describes the Moment Tensor Rate Functions methodology in detail.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43169/1/24_2004_Article_BF00875970.pd