Ocimum sanctum: a review on the pharmacological properties

Herbal medicine, the backbone of traditional medicine in many countries have played an important role in curing the diseases of humans since ancient time. Medicinal plants are great source of bioactive compounds and chemical structures that have potential beneficial effects. The present review compiles information on ethnopharmacologically useful information and pharmacological properties of Ocimum sanctum. Ocimum sanctum (OS) has many medicinal properties like antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiulcer, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and other. The phytochemicals compounds of Ocimum, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, essential oils, tannins and saponins play an important role in herbal medicine. Bioactive compounds of Ocimum responsible for its various medicinal properties and their effects at the molecular level need to be investigated in more detail. Furthermore, pharmacological properties of bioactive compounds in Ocimum sanctum are required to confirm the ethnomedicinal claims of Ocimum sanctum for pharmaceutical therapeutic applications

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & LIFE SCIENCES Screening of potential efficacy of dietary ginger on ethanol induced oxidative stress in rat cardiac tissue: A study on changes in basic metabolic profiles

Abstract The present study was premeditated to examine the possible mechanisms where by ginger (Zingiber officinale) could protect cardiac tissue from alcohol toxicity in rats. The carbohydrate metabolic profiles like total carbohydrates, pyruvate, total proteins, free amino acids and lactate levels were measured in heart tissue. The total carbohydrates, pyruvate, and total proteins were significant declined while free amino acids, lactate levels were significant increased in alcohol intoxicated rats. Whereas with ginger (200 mg/kg body weight) treatment shown significant increase in the total carbohydrates, total proteins and pyruvate levels, whereas free amino acids, lactate levels were significant drop in the cardiac tissues. From the present study, we conclude that ginger protects the heart tissue from alcohol toxicity in rats, this may be due to the presence of many bioactive compounds in ginger

Mechanism of Assembly of the Dimanganese-Tyrosyl Radical Cofactor of Class Ib Ribonucleotide Reductase: Enzymatic Generation of Superoxide Is Required for Tyrosine Oxidation via a Mn(III)Mn(IV) Intermediate

Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) utilize radical chemistry to reduce nucleotides to deoxynucleotides in all organisms. In the class Ia and Ib RNRs, this reaction requires a stable tyrosyl radical (Y•) generated by oxidation of a reduced dinuclear metal cluster. The Fe[superscript III][subscript 2]-Y• cofactor in the NrdB subunit of the class Ia RNRs can be generated by self-assembly from Fe[superscript II][subscript 2]-NrdB, O[subscript 2], and a reducing equivalent. By contrast, the structurally homologous class Ib enzymes require a Mn[superscript III][subscript 2]-Y• cofactor in their NrdF subunit. Mn[superscript II][subscript 2]-NrdF does not react with O[subscript 2], but it binds the reduced form of a conserved flavodoxin-like protein, NrdI[subscript hq], which, in the presence of O[subscript 2], reacts to form the Mn[superscript III][subscript 2]-Y• cofactor. Here we investigate the mechanism of assembly of the Mn[superscript III][subscript 2]-Y• cofactor in Bacillus subtilis NrdF. Cluster assembly from Mn[superscript II][subscript 2]-NrdF, NrdI[subscript hq], and O[subscript 2] has been studied by stopped flow absorption and rapid freeze quench EPR spectroscopies. The results support a mechanism in which NrdI[subscript hq] reduces O[subscript 2] to O[subscript 2]•– (40–48 s[superscript –1], 0.6 mM O[subscript 2]), the O[subscript 2]•– channels to and reacts with Mn[superscript II][subscript 2]-NrdF to form a Mn[superscript III]Mn[superscript IV] intermediate (2.2 ± 0.4 s[superscript –1]), and the Mn[superscript III]Mn[superscript IV] species oxidizes tyrosine to Y• (0.08–0.15 s[superscript –1]). Controlled production of O[subscript 2]•– by NrdI[subscript hq] during class Ib RNR cofactor assembly both circumvents the unreactivity of the Mn[superscript II][subscript 2] cluster with O[subscript 2] and satisfies the requirement for an “extra” reducing equivalent in Y• generation.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant GM81393)United States. Dept. of Defense (National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowships

Global management of a common, underrated surgical task during the COVID-19 pandemic: Gallstone disease - An international survery

Background: Since the Coronavirus disease-19(COVID-19) pandemic, the healthcare systems are reallocating their medical resources, with consequent narrowed access to elective surgery for benign conditions such as gallstone disease(GD). This survey represents an overview of the current policies regarding the surgical management of patients with GD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A Web-based survey was conducted among 36 Hepato-Prancreato-Biliary surgeons from 14 Countries. Through a 17-item questionnaire, participants were asked about the local management of patients with GD since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The majority (n = 26,72.2%) of surgeons reported an alarming decrease in the cholecystectomy rate for GD since the start of the pandemic, regardless of the Country: 19(52.7%) didn't operate any GD, 7(19.4%) reduced their surgical activity by 50–75%, 10(27.8%) by 25–50%, 1(2.8%) maintained regular activity. Currently, only patients with GD complications are operated. Thirty-two (88.9%) participants expect these changes to last for at least 3 months. In 15(41.6%) Centers, patients are currently being screened for SARS-CoV-2 infection before cholecystectomy [in 10(27.8%) Centers only in the presence of suspected infection, in 5(13.9%) routinely]. The majority of surgeons (n = 29,80.6%) have adopted a laparoscopic approach as standard surgery, 5(13.9%) perform open cholecystectomy in patients with known/suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 2(5.6%) in all patients. Conclusion

Ocimum sanctum: a review on the pharmacological properties

Herbal medicine, the backbone of traditional medicine in many countries have played an important role in curing the diseases of humans since ancient time. Medicinal plants are great source of bioactive compounds and chemical structures that have potential beneficial effects. The present review compiles information on ethnopharmacologically useful information and pharmacological properties of Ocimum sanctum. Ocimum sanctum (OS) has many medicinal properties like antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiulcer, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and other. The phytochemicals compounds of Ocimum, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, essential oils, tannins and saponins play an important role in herbal medicine. Bioactive compounds of Ocimum responsible for its various medicinal properties and their effects at the molecular level need to be investigated in more detail. Furthermore, pharmacological properties of bioactive compounds in Ocimum sanctum are required to confirm the ethnomedicinal claims of Ocimum sanctum for pharmaceutical therapeutic applications