Discovery of a tephra bed in the Quaternary alluvial sediments of Pune district (Maharashtra), Peninsular India

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Some spent black liquor based powder detergents cum stain removers

760-764In this study, efforts are made to replace the conventional active matter alpha olefin sulphonate (AOS) from detergent by malinised kraft black liquor (MKBL). Aim is to find the suitability of organic phenolic polymeric structure of lignin (50% lignin in black liquor) as a useful ingredient in detergent formulation with total substitute of AOS. Process has been developed to replace AOS up to 100% by MKBL. Based on surface tension, detergency and foam volume, prepared compositions are on par or sometimes better than commercial detergents even at very low concentration (0.25%)

Sulphonated lignin based screen ink formulations

321-324An attempt is made to develop a screen ink composition, based on lignin obtained from black liquor as a partial replacement for conventional alkyd resin. Lignin has been used as a replacement for alkyd resin to an extent of 35%. Unlike the conventional alkyd resin, efforts were made to prepare a novel alkyd resin with short oil length (20%) using chain stopper. The overall consumption of petroleum solvent in ink is around 16% which is much lesser than conventional ink which utilizes around 40% solvent. The physicochemical and film properties of ink have been studied and compared with commercial sample. The cost of the present product is less than the conventional product

Development of steel primer from spent black liquor and short oil alkyd resin

407-410Primer paint has been developed based on lignin obtained from black liquor as a partial replacement (40%) for conventional alkyd resin. Efforts were made to prepare a novel alkyd resin with short oil length (20%) using chain stopper. Overall consumption of petroleum solvent (25%) in primer is lesser than conventional primer (40% solvent). The cost of present product is less than the conventional product

Some resin based ecofriendly liquid detergents

752-755In this study, efforts were made to replace from detergent the conventional active matter, linear alkyl benzene sulphonate (LABS) formulation by polymeric surfactant (alkyd resin). An ecofriendly alkyd resin polymer based on soybean oil and rosin was synthesized and used with sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) instead of LABS for detergent formulation. Based on surface tension, detergency and foam volume, prepared compositions are on par or sometimes better than commercial samples even at very low (0.5%) liquid detergent. The proposed compositions can be easily prepared in existing alkyd resin manufacturing plant. An alternative production line was suggested for existing alkyd resin plants in paint industry

Chemical ionization induced competing and consecutive heterolytic ring cleavages in the mass spectra of substituted tetrahydro-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-oxides

The chemical ionization mass spectra of some substituted heterocyclic systems, viz. tetrahydro-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-oxides, reveal polar cycloreversion reactions. The zwitterion intermediate formed by the heterolysis of the CO bond undergoes stepwise clean heterolysis further resulting in the expulsion of the potential nucleophilic and electrophilic groups. The competitive and consecutive heterolysis of the ring bonds leads to the formation of the protonated phenylimine ions. Competing with heterolysis, elimination reactions involving hydrogen transfer leading to the formation of α-phenylethyl ions are also observed. The chemical ionization mass spectrometry of the heterocyclic system shows many features of the Grob type of fragmentation mechanism

Intramolecular single and double hydrogen migrations in the mass spectra of substituted tetrahydro-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-oxides

The mass spectral fragmentation of substituted tetrahydro-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-oxides occurs by the cleavage of ring bonds. The ions due to simple cleavage, single and double hydrogen migration, seem to be triggered by C=O bond cleavage of the oxazaphosphorin ring. The variations in the relative abundance of ions arising due to similar fragmentation modes have been found to depend on the nature of the substituent and the stability of the particular fragment. The single hydrogen transfer process is supported by metastable ion and shift techniques