20,089 research outputs found
Optimal Hour-Ahead Bidding in the Real-Time Electricity Market with Battery Storage using Approximate Dynamic Programming
There is growing interest in the use of grid-level storage to smooth
variations in supply that are likely to arise with increased use of wind and
solar energy. Energy arbitrage, the process of buying, storing, and selling
electricity to exploit variations in electricity spot prices, is becoming an
important way of paying for expensive investments into grid-level storage.
Independent system operators such as the NYISO (New York Independent System
Operator) require that battery storage operators place bids into an hour-ahead
market (although settlements may occur in increments as small as 5 minutes,
which is considered near "real-time"). The operator has to place these bids
without knowing the energy level in the battery at the beginning of the hour,
while simultaneously accounting for the value of leftover energy at the end of
the hour. The problem is formulated as a dynamic program. We describe and
employ a convergent approximate dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm that
exploits monotonicity of the value function to find a revenue-generating
bidding policy; using optimal benchmarks, we empirically show the computational
benefits of the algorithm. Furthermore, we propose a distribution-free variant
of the ADP algorithm that does not require any knowledge of the distribution of
the price process (and makes no assumptions regarding a specific real-time
price model). We demonstrate that a policy trained on historical real-time
price data from the NYISO using this distribution-free approach is indeed
effective.Comment: 28 pages, 11 figure
On the electrical double layer contribution to the interfacial tension of protein crystals
We study the electrical double layer at the interface between a protein
crystal and a salt solution or a dilute solution of protein, and estimate the
double layer's contribution to the interfacial tension of this interface. This
contribution is negative and decreases in magnitude with increasing salt
concentration. We also consider briefly the interaction between a pair of
protein surfaces.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, revtex
MARKET STRUCTURE AND SPATIAL PRICE DYNAMICS
A method was developed with time series models to test hypotheses about the relationship between market structure and spatial price dynamics. Long-run dynamic multipliers measuring the magnitude of lagged adjustments for spatial milled rice prices were calculated from the time series model and used as the dependent variable in a regression model that included a number of factors expected to influence price determination. Results show that price adjustments were slower as regional submarket concentration increased and were faster in the regions with a higher market share. Arkansas, the state with the largest market share, was consistently a price leaderDemand and Price Analysis, Industrial Organization,
SOME EFFECTS OF RICE QUALITY ON ROUGH RICE PRICES
Quality discounts and premiums for rough rice in Texas rice bid/acceptance markets are analyzed. The most important quality factors determining the value of rough rice are head yield and peck. A one percentage point reduction in peck damage raises the price received per hundredweight of rough rice by .68 across markets and years. Since peck damage can be reduced by controlling the rice stinkbug, evaluation of alternative methods for better control of this pest in Texas rice fields is needed.Demand and Price Analysis,
Improvements and modifications to the NASA microwave signature acquisition system
A user oriented description of the modified and upgraded Microwave Signature Acquisition System is provided. The present configuration of the sensor system and its operating characteristics are documented and a step-by-step operating procedure provides instruction for mounting the antenna truss assembly, readying the system for data acquisition, and for controlling the system during the data collection sequence. The resulting data products are also identified
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