170,227 research outputs found
Persistence in systems with algebraic interaction
Persistence in coarsening 1D spin systems with a power law interaction
is considered. Numerical studies indicate that for sufficiently
large values of the interaction exponent ( in our
simulations), persistence decays as an algebraic function of the length scale
, . The Persistence exponent is found to be
independent on the force exponent and close to its value for the
extremal () model, . For smaller
values of the force exponent (), finite size effects prevent the
system from reaching the asymptotic regime. Scaling arguments suggest that in
order to avoid significant boundary effects for small , the system size
should grow as .Comment: 4 pages 4 figure
Proportion of Unaffected Sites in a Reaction-Diffusion Process
We consider the probability that a given site remains unvisited by any
of a set of random walkers in dimensions undergoing the reaction
when they meet. We find that asymptotically with a
universal exponent \theta=\ffrac12-O(\epsilon) for , while, for
, is non-universal and depends on the reaction rate. The
analysis, which uses field-theoretic renormalisation group methods, is also
applied to the reaction with . In this case, a stretched
exponential behaviour is found for all , except in the case ,
, where P(t)\sim {\rm e}^{-\const (\ln t)^{3/2}}.Comment: 10 pages, (revised version with abstract included) OUTP-94-35
Optimization of laser-plasma injector via beam loading effects using ionization-induced injection
Simulations of ionization induced injection in a laser driven plasma
wakefield show that high-quality electron injectors in the 50-200 MeV range can
be achieved in a gas cell with a tailored density profile. Using the PIC code
Warp with parameters close to existing experimental conditions, we show that
the concentration of in a hydrogen plasma with a tailored
density profile is an efficient parameter to tune electron beam properties
through the control of the interplay between beam loading effects and varying
accelerating field in the density profile. For a given laser plasma
configuration, with moderate normalized laser amplitude, and maximum
electron plasma density, , the
optimum concentration results in a robust configuration to generate electrons
at 150~MeV with a rms energy spread of 4\% and a spectral charge density of
1.8~pC/MeV.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figure
``Superfast'' Reaction in Turbulent Flow with Potential Disorder
We explore the regime of ``superfast'' reactivity that has been predicted to
occur in turbulent flow in the presence of potential disorder. Computer
simulation studies confirm qualitative features of the previous renormalization
group predictions, which were based on a static model of turbulence. New
renormalization group calculations for a more realistic, dynamic model of
turbulence show that the superfast regime persists. This regime, with
concentration decay exponents greater than that for a well-mixed reaction,
appears to be a general result of the interplay among non-linear reaction
kinetics, turbulent transport, and local trapping by potential disorder.Comment: 14 pages. 4 figures. Uses IOP styles. To appear in J. Phys. A: Math.
Ge
The A+B -> 0 annihilation reaction in a quenched random velocity field
Using field-theoretic renormalization group methods the long-time behaviour
of the A+B -> 0 annihilation reaction with equal initial densities n_A(0) =
n_B(0) = n_0 in a quenched random velocity field is studied. At every point (x,
y) of a d-dimensional system the velocity v is parallel or antiparallel to the
x-axis and depends on the coordinates perpendicular to the flow. Assuming that
v(y) have zero mean and short-range correlations in the y-direction we show
that the densities decay asymptotically as n(t) ~ A n_0^(1/2) t^(-(d+3)/8) for
d<3. The universal amplitude A is calculated at first order in \epsilon = 3-d.Comment: 19 pages, LaTeX using IOP-macros, 5 eps-figures. It is shown that the
amplitude of the density is universal, i.e. independent of the reaction rat
On the low energy properies of fermions with singular interactions
We calculate the fermion Green function and particle-hole susceptibilities
for a degenerate two-dimensional fermion system with a singular gauge
interaction. We show that this is a strong coupling problem, with no small
parameter other than the fermion spin degeneracy, N. We consider two
interactions, one arising in the context of the model and the other in
the theory of half-filled Landau level. For the fermion self energy we show in
contrast to previous claims that the qualitative behavior found in the leading
order of perturbation theory is preserved to all orders in the interaction. The
susceptibility at a general wavevector retains
the fermi-liquid form. However the susceptibility either
diverges as or remains finite but with nonanalytic wavevector,
frequency and temperature dependence. We express our results in the language of
recently discussed scaling theories, give the fixed-point action, and show that
at this fixed point the fermion-gauge-field interaction is marginal in ,
but irrelevant at low energies in .Comment: 21 pages, uuencoded LATEX file with included Postscript figures, R
Eta-nucleon coupling constant in QCD with SU(3) symmetry breaking
We study the NN coupling constant using the method of QCD sum rules
starting from the vacuum-to-eta correlation function of the interpolating
fields of two nucleons. The matrix element of this correlation has been taken
with respect to nucleon spinors to avoid unwanted pole contribution. The
SU(3)-flavor symmetry breaking effects have been accounted for via the
-mass, s-quark mass and eta decay constant to leading order. Out of the
four sum rules obtained by taking the ratios of the two sum rules in
conjunction with the two sum rules in nucleon mass, three are found to give
mutually consistent results. We find the SU(3) breaking effects significant, as
large as 50% of the SU(3) symmetric part.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figure
Zero-Point cooling and low heating of trapped 111Cd+ ions
We report on ground state laser cooling of single 111Cd+ ions confined in
radio-frequency (Paul) traps. Heating rates of trapped ion motion are measured
for two different trapping geometries and electrode materials, where no effort
was made to shield the electrodes from the atomic Cd source. The low measured
heating rates suggest that trapped 111Cd+ ions may be well-suited for
experiments involving quantum control of atomic motion, including applications
in quantum information science.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, Submitted to PR
Persistence in the Voter model: continuum reaction-diffusion approach
We investigate the persistence probability in the Voter model for dimensions
d\geq 2. This is achieved by mapping the Voter model onto a continuum
reaction-diffusion system. Using path integral methods, we compute the
persistence probability r(q,t), where q is the number of ``opinions'' in the
original Voter model. We find r(q,t)\sim exp[-f_2(q)(ln t)^2] in d=2;
r(q,t)\sim exp[-f_d(q)t^{(d-2)/2}] for 2<d<4; r(q,t)\sim exp[-f_4(q)t/ln t] in
d=4; and r(q,t)\sim exp[-f_d(q)t] for d>4. The results of our analysis are
checked by Monte Carlo simulations.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, Latex, submitted to J. Phys. A (letters
Effect of hyperon bulk viscosity on neutron-star r-modes
Neutron stars are expected to contain a significant number of hyperons in
addition to protons and neutrons in the highest density portions of their
cores. Following the work of Jones, we calculate the coefficient of bulk
viscosity due to nonleptonic weak interactions involving hyperons in
neutron-star cores, including new relativistic and superfluid effects. We
evaluate the influence of this new bulk viscosity on the gravitational
radiation driven instability in the r-modes. We find that the instability is
completely suppressed in stars with cores cooler than a few times 10^9 K, but
that stars rotating more rapidly than 10-30% of maximum are unstable for
temperatures around 10^10 K. Since neutron-star cores are expected to cool to a
few times 10^9 K within seconds (much shorter than the r-mode instability
growth time) due to direct Urca processes, we conclude that the gravitational
radiation instability will be suppressed in young neutron stars before it can
significantly change the angular momentum of the star.Comment: final PRD version, minor typos etc correcte
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