Rapport IV.1. Method of planning numerical experiment used in search for optimum parameters of wave-power pumping plant

A mathematical model of the operating procedure in wave inertial pumping sets is discussed and a method is proposed of their optimazation based on applying elements of mathematical theory of experiment planning and of analytical game theory. The method is used in terms of a system of automated designing inertial wave pumps.Voyons le processus de travail du modèle mathématique dans les pompes à inertion ondulatoire. On propose la méthode d’optimisation des pompes à inertion ondulatoire, basée sur l’utilisation des éléments mathématiques delà planification théorique des expériences. La méthode est utilise dans le cadre du système de projet automatique des pompes à inertion ondulatoire.Zujkov A.-L, Mordasov A.-P., Volshanik V.-V., Monahov B.-E. Rapport IV.1. Method of planning numerical experiment used in search for optimum parameters of wave-power pumping plant. In: Machines hydrauliques. Conception et exploitation. Développements récents et Applications aux différents secteurs industriels. Vingtièmes journées de l'hydraulique. Lyon, 4-6 avril 1989. Tome 4, 1989

Exploring As-Cast PbCaSn-Mg anodes for improved performance in copper electrowinning

Lead calcium tin (PbCaSn) alloys are the common anodes used in copper electrowinning (Cu EW). Given a large amount of energy consumed in Cu EW process, anodes with controlled oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics and a lower OER overpotential are advantageous for reducing the energy consumption. To date, magnesium (Mg) has never been studied as an alloying element for EW anodes. As-cast PbCaSn anodes with the addition of Mg were examined herein, revealing an improved performance compared to that of the industrial standard PbCaSn anode. The alloy performances in the early stages of anode life and passivation were established from electrochemical studies which were designed to simulate industrial Cu EW process. The 24-hour polarization testing revealed that the Mg alloying depolarizes the anode potential up to 80 mV; thus, resulting in a higher Cu EW efficiency. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the alteration of the alloy microstructure and the corresponding interfacial reactions contribute to the changes of the anode electrochemical performances. The present study reveals for the first time the potency of Mg alloying in reducing the overpotential of PbCaSn anode