Critical field theory of the Kondo lattice model in two dimensions

In the context of the U(1) slave boson theory we derive a critical field theory near the quantum critical point of the Kondo lattice model in two spatial dimensions. First we argue that strong gauge fluctuations in the U(1) slave boson theory give rise to confinement between spinons and holons, thus causing "neutralized" spinons in association with the slave boson U(1) gauge field. Second we show that critical fluctuations of Kondo singlets near the quantum critical point result in a new U(1) gauge field. This emergent gauge field has nothing to do with the slave boson U(1) gauge field. Third we find that the slave boson U(1) gauge field can be exactly integrated out in the low energy limit. As a result we find a critical field theory in terms of renormalized conduction electrons and neutralized spinons interacting via the new emergent U(1) gauge field. Based on this critical field theory we obtain the temperature dependence of specific heat and the imaginary part of the self-energy of the renormalized electrons. These quantities display non-Fermi liquid behavior near the quantum critical point

SLˉ(4,R)\bar{SL}(4,R) Embedding for a 3D World Spinor Equation

A generic-curved spacetime Dirac-like equation in 3D is constructed. It has, owing to the $\bar{SL}(n,R)$ group deunitarizing automorphism, a physically correct unitarity and flat spacetime particle properties. The construction is achieved by embedding $\bar{SL}(3,R)$ vector operator $X_{\mu}$, that plays a role of Dirac's $\gamma_{\mu}$ matrices, into $\bar{SL}(4,R)$. Decomposition of the unitary irreducible spinorial $\bar{SL}(4,R)$ representations gives rise to an explicit form of the infinite $X_{\mu}$ matrices

Observations on the Effects of a New Diuretic-S1520

S1520, a sulphonamide-derived diuretic, was administered to healthy volunteers and patients with oedema. A therapeutic effect was produced by doses of 10 - 20 mg. The onset of action was within 3 hours and persisted for up to 36 hours. Natriuresis, chloruresis and increasing kaliuresis were observed with continued administration. The probable site of drug action was on the distal tubule. Patients with severe renal failure or hyponatraemia did not show a therapeutic response, and the maximal efficacy of the drug was considered to be less than that of furosemide

Unexpected Structures for Intercalation of Sodium in Epitaxial Graphene-SiC Interfaces

We show using scanning tunneling microscopy, spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations that several intercalation structures exist for Na in epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001). Intercalation takes place at room temperature and Na electron-dopes the graphene. It intercalates in-between single-layer graphene and the carbon-rich interfacial layer. It also penetrates beneath the interfacial layer and decouples it to form a second graphene layer. This decoupling is accelerated by annealing and is verified by direct Na deposition onto the interface layer. Our observations show that intercalation in graphene is fundamentally different than in graphite and is a versatile means of electronic control.Comment: 10 pages text, 2 pages, references, and 4 figure page

Inelastic scattering in a monolayer graphene sheet; a weak-localization study

Charge carriers in a graphene sheet, a single layer of graphite, exhibit much distinctive characteristics to those in other two-dimensional electronic systems because of their chiral nature. In this report, we focus on the observation of weak localization in a graphene sheet exfoliated from a piece of natural graphite and nano-patterned into a Hall-bar geometry. Much stronger chiral-symmetry-breaking elastic intervalley scattering in our graphene sheet restores the conventional weak localization. The resulting carrier-density and temperature dependence of the phase coherence length reveal that the electron-electron interaction including a direct Coulomb interaction is the main inelastic scattering factor while electron-hole puddles enhance the inelastic scattering near the Dirac point.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PR

The Elephant in the Room: Problems and Potentials of the Workers’ Party of Korea in a Korean Unification Scenario

This paper investigates how North Koreans today, after having lived under the rule of a particular one-party system, evaluate the role, performance, and potential of the Workers’ Party of Korea (WPK) regarding future unification scenarios. This was done by analyzing survey data of North Korean migrants (N = 356) residing in South Korea, who serve as the best possible proxy for the North Korean populace. The survey comprises questions on the respondents’ general assessment of and trust in the party as well as their opinions on the role and development of the party when they were still in North Korea and now; it also includes questions about possible modes of reform for the party in the case of unification. Normatively speaking, for peaceful reunification it would be desirable for the fate of the WPK to be left to the people and free democratic elections, like in Germany; however, the particular trajectories of Korean contemporary history, including the Korean War (1950–1953), loom over such a worthwhile procedure. This is also reflected in the results that show negative appraisal of and low trust in the party, and high favor for its forced dissolution, thus providing important insights into the state of mind of North Koreans, and an important stimulus for thinking about possible ways to prepare a smooth transition into a post-division era

Competition between Kondo and RKKY correlations in the presence of strong randomness

We propose that competition between Kondo and magnetic correlations results in a novel universality class for heavy fermion quantum criticality in the presence of strong randomness. Starting from an Anderson lattice model with disorder, we derive an effective local field theory in the dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) approximation, where randomness is introduced into both hybridization and Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interactions. Performing the saddle-point analysis in the U(1) slave-boson representation, we reveal its phase diagram which shows a quantum phase transition from a spin liquid state to a local Fermi liquid phase. In contrast with the clean limit of the Anderson lattice model, the effective hybridization given by holon condensation turns out to vanish, resulting from the zero mean value of the hybridization coupling constant. However, we show that the holon density becomes finite when variance of hybridization is sufficiently larger than that of the RKKY coupling, giving rise to the Kondo effect. On the other hand, when the variance of hybridization becomes smaller than that of the RKKY coupling, the Kondo effect disappears, resulting in a fully symmetric paramagnetic state, adiabatically connected with the spin liquid state of the disordered Heisenberg model. .....

Systematic computation of non-linear cellular and molecular dynamics with low-power cytomimetic circuits: A simulation study

This paper presents a novel method for the systematic implementation of low-power microelectronic circuits aimed at computing nonlinear cellular and molecular dynamics. The method proposed is based on the Nonlinear Bernoulli Cell Formalism (NBCF), an advanced mathematical framework stemming from the Bernoulli Cell Formalism (BCF) originally exploited for the modular synthesis and analysis of linear, time-invariant, high dynamic range, logarithmic filters. Our approach identifies and exploits the striking similarities existing between the NBCF and coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) typically appearing in models of naturally encountered biochemical systems. The resulting continuous-time, continuous-value, low-power CytoMimetic electronic circuits succeed in simulating fast and with good accuracy cellular and molecular dynamics. The application of the method is illustrated by synthesising for the first time microelectronic CytoMimetic topologies which simulate successfully: 1) a nonlinear intracellular calcium oscillations model for several Hill coefficient values and 2) a gene-protein regulatory system model. The dynamic behaviours generated by the proposed CytoMimetic circuits are compared and found to be in very good agreement with their biological counterparts. The circuits exploit the exponential law codifying the low-power subthreshold operation regime and have been simulated with realistic parameters from a commercially available CMOS process. They occupy an area of a fraction of a square-millimetre, while consuming between 1 and 12 microwatts of power. Simulations of fabrication-related variability results are also presented