Pharmaceutical Creep: U.S. Military Power and the Global and Transnational Mobility of Psychopharmaceuticals

In 2006, the United States Department of Defense developed for the first time official criteria for the use of psychopharmaceuticals “in theater”—in the physical and tactical spaces of military operations including active combat. Based on fieldwork with Army soldiers and veterans, this article explores the transnational and global dimensions of military psychopharmaceutical use in the post‐9/11 wars. I consider the spatial, material, and symbolic dimensions of what I call “pharmaceutical creep”—the slow drift of psychopharmaceuticals from the civilian world into theater and into the military corporate body. While pharmaceutical creep is managed by the U.S. military as a problem of gatekeeping and of supply and provisioning, medications can appear as the solution to recruitment and performance problems once in theater. Drawing on soldiers’ accounts of medication use, I illuminate the possibilities, but also the frictions, that arise when routine psychopharmaceuticals are remade into technologies of global counterinsurgency

Peculiar Disorder in Molecular Crystals of 9,10-Dimethyltriptycene. A Single-Crystal ¹H NMR Study

Former single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction studies of 9,10-dimethyltriptycene (<b>1</b>) and its isotopomer-<i>d</i>₁₂ selectively deuterated in the aromatic positions (<b>1a</b>) consistently delivered undistorted <i>R</i>3̅<i>c</i> structure of the material. On the other hand, ¹H wide line NMR spectra of polycrystalline <b>1a</b> reported by us previously were incompatible with the above structure. The presently reported ¹H spectra of a single crystal of <b>1a</b> shed new light onto these discrepancies. These spectra reveal two sharply defined environments of the methyl groups in the investigated crystal, of which only one is consistent with the <i>R</i>3̅<i>c</i> structure. In it, the methyl groups from neighboring molecules come as closely spaced pairs of <i>D</i>_3<i>d</i> symmetry, coupled by intermolecular proton–proton dipole interactions. The other environment encompasses as much as about 20% of the methyl groups. They also appear to fit the <i>R</i>3̅<i>c</i> lattice but, at variance with those occurring in pairs, do not show dipole couplings to their neighbors. Despite these differences, both sorts of the methyl groups show the same thermally activated dynamics, what was confirmed by line shape fits to variable temperature spectra of the investigated crystal. The diverse properties with respect to intermolecular dipolar couplings cannot be explained in terms of a static disorder, with the isolated groups facing voids in the lattice. This interpretation is untenable because no sufficient deficit in the crystal’s specific weight was observed. Moreover, no foreign electron density, possibly originated from solvent molecules occluded in the crystal voids, could be detected in the X-ray studies. The fact that some sort of disorder occurs in the investigated crystals is indicated by the presence of diffuse scattering features in the X-ray data. A tentative explanation of these observations in terms of a dynamic disorder of a hitherto unreported type is proposed. It calls for further intense research to elucidate connections between diffuse scattering of X-rays and possible types of disorder in molecular van der Waals crystals of organic compounds

Grundlagen zur Herstellung von Isolatoren auf SiC Abschlussbericht

Available from TIB Hannover: F97B1564+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman