Proposed Methodology for Community-Based Infrastructure Projects

Community participation is considered as one of the key activities of local government development. The new role of communities in infrastructure projects is to act as a bridge between the governmental agencies and the individual households. Low-income groups are generally poor not only financially, but also weak in terms of their power to influence decisionmaking on matters relating to their livelihoods and development of services. They are often totally excluded from the government development processes of planning, budgeting and project implementation. There are many parties concerned with infrastructure development that should be involved in a systematic manner in the formation of public policies and local planning. This study proposes a methodology to deal with all involved parties in infrastructure projects and it is recommended that it be followed from the first phase of any project. The proposed methodology is based on the investigation of the best practices and lessons learned from projects implemented by different agencies in Palestine. It is recommended that municipalities should reshape the people's understanding of the role and capacity of municipalities and to develop new mechanisms to develop trust and transparent relations with communities

Sac1p plays a crucial role in microsomal ATP transport, which is distinct from its function in Golgi phospholipid metabolism.

Analysis of microsomal ATP transport in yeast resulted in the identification of Sac1p as an important factor in efficient ATP uptake into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen. Yet it remained unclear whether Sac1p is the authentic transporter in this reaction. Sac1p shows no homology to other known solute transporters but displays similarity to the N-terminal non-catalytic domain of a subset of inositol 5'-phosphatases. Furthermore, Sac1p was demonstrated to be involved in inositol phospholipid metabolism, an activity whose absence contributes to the bypass Sec14p phenotype in sac1 mutants. We now show that purified recombinant Sac1p can complement ATP transport defects when reconstituted together with sac1Delta microsomal extracts, but is unable to catalyze ATP transport itself. In addition, we demonstrate that sac1Delta strains are defective in ER protein translocation and folding, which is a direct consequence of impaired ATP transport function and not related to the role of Sac1p in Golgi inositol phospholipid metabolism. These data suggest that Sac1p is an important regulator of microsomal ATP transport providing a possible link between inositol phospholipid signaling and ATP-dependent processes in the yeast ER