Pengaruh Total Ekspor, LIBOR, dan Upah Tenaga Kerja terhadap Investasi Asing Langsung di Indonesia

Indonesia seek funds for development to catch up with the development of the developed countries, both regionally and globally, therefore Indonesia has attempted to take advantage of foreign financing, the Foreign Direct Investment. This study intended to find out that the total exports, LIBOR and labor, as a variation (ups and downs) the value of foreign direct investment in Indonesia. Analysis techniques used in this study is the technique of multiple linear regression analysis, F-test for simultaneous testing and t-test for testing the partial. Results of data analysis showed simultaneous total exports, and labor LIBOR significant effect on foreign investment in Indonesia in 1990-2012, the results obtained by the F-test value F calculated (39.172)> F table (3.13) with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.861 means that 86.1 percent of the variations (ups and downs) of foreign direct investment in Indonesia in 1990-2012 influenced by variations (ups and downs) of total exports, LIBOR and labor costs, while the remaining 13.9 percent are influenced by variations (ups and downs) other variables not included in the research model. Total exports of partial positive and significant effect, LIBOR has no effect, and labor and a significant negative effect on foreign direct investment in Indonesia in 1990-2012

Nonuniform Spin Triplet Superconductivity due to Antisymmetric Spin-Orbit Coupling in Noncentrosymmetric Superconductor CePt3_3Si

We show that the nonuniform state (Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state) of the spin triplet superconductivity in noncentrosymmetric systems is stabilized by antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling even if the magnetic field is absent. The transition temperature of the spin triplet superconductivity is reduced by the antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling in general. This pair breaking effect is shown to be similar to the Pauli pair breaking effect due to magnetic field for the spin singlet superconductivity, in which FFLO state is stabilized near the Pauli limit (or Chandrasekhar-Clogston limit) of external magnetic field. Since there are gapless excitations in nonuniform superconducting state, some physical quantities such as specific heat and penetration depth should obey the power low temperature-dependences. We discuss the possibility of the realization of nonuniform state in CePt$_3$Si.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

Exciton Mediated Superconductivity in PrOs4Sb12

The most important character of the exotic superconductor PrOs4Sb12 is the existence of low-lying excitations (excitons) with a finite energy gap and it appears as the magnetic field-induced order above 4.5 T. We focus on the a_u conduction band, which hybridizes with a Pr 4f^2 state strongly, coupled to the excitons. It results in an attractive interaction between the conduction electrons. The symmetry of the superconducting order parameter is determined by dispersion relation of the exciton. For the bcc system PrOs4Sb12, a d-wave state [kx ky + omega ky kz + omega^2 kz kx, omega=exp(pm i 2 pi/3)] is stabilized with broken time reversal symmetry.Comment: 4 page

Probing the superconducting gap symmetry of PrRu4_{4}Sb12_{12}: A comparison with PrOs4_{4}Sb12_{12}

We report measurements of the magnetic penetration depth $\lambda$ in single crystals of PrRu$_{4}$Sb$_{12}$ down to 0.1 K. Both $\lambda$ and superfluid density $\rho_{s}$ exhibit an exponential behavior for $T$ $<$ 0.5$T_{c}$, with parameters $\Delta$(0)/\textit{k}$_{B}$\textit{T}$_{c}$ = 1.9 and $\lambda(0)$ = 2900 \AA. The value of $\Delta$(0) is consistent with the specific-heat jump value of $\Delta C/\gamma T_{c}$ = 1.87 measured elsewhere, while the value of $\lambda(0)$ is consistent with the measured value of the electronic heat-capacity coefficient $\gamma$. Our data are consistent with PrRu$_{4}$Sb$_{12}$ being a moderate-coupling, fully-gapped superconductor. We suggest experiments to study how the nature of the superconducting state evolves with increasing Ru substitution for Os

Superconductivity and crystalline electric field effects in the filled skutterudite series Pr(Os1−x_{1-x}Rux_x)4_4Sb12_{12}

X-ray powder diffraction, magnetic susceptibility $\chi(T)$, and electrical resistivity $\rho(T)$ measurements were made on single crystals of the filled skutterudite series Pr(Os$_{1-x}$Ru$_x$)$_4$Sb$_{12}$. One end of the series ($x = 0$) is a heavy fermion superconductor with a superconducting critical temperature $T_{c} = 1.85$ K, while the other end ($x = 1$) is a conventional superconductor with $T_{c} \approx 1$ K. The lattice constant $a$ decreases approximately linearly with increasing Ru concentration $x$. As Ru (Os) is substituted for Os (Ru), $T_{c}$ decreases nearly linearly with substituent concentration and exhibits a minimum with a value of $T_{c} = 0.75$ K at $x = 0.6$, suggesting that the two types of superconductivity compete with one another. Crystalline electric field (CEF) effects in $\chi_\mathrm{dc}(T)$ and $\rho(T)$ due to the splitting of the Pr$^{3+}$ nine-fold degenerate Hund's rule $J = 4$ multiplet are observed throughout the series, with the splitting between the ground state and the first excited state increasing monotonically as $x$ increases. The fits to the $\chi_\mathrm{dc}(T)$ and $\rho(T)$ data are consistent with a $\Gamma_{3}$ doublet ground state for all values of x, although reasonable fits can be obtained for a $\Gamma_{1}$ ground state for $x$ values near the end member compounds ($x = 0$ or $x = 1$).Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Microscopic Approach to Magnetism and Superconductivity of ff-Electron Systems with Filled Skutterudite Structure

In order to gain a deep insight into $f$-electron properties of filled skutterudite compounds from a microscopic viewpoint, we investigate the multiorbital Anderson model including Coulomb interactions, spin-orbit coupling, and crystalline electric field effect. For each case of $n$=1$\sim$13, where $n$ is the number of $f$ electrons per rare-earth ion, the model is analyzed by using the numerical renormalization group (NRG) method to evaluate magnetic susceptibility and entropy of $f$ electron. In order to make further step to construct a simplified model which can be treated even in a periodic system, we also analyze the Anderson model constructed based on the $j$-$j$ coupling scheme by using the NRG method. Then, we construct an orbital degenerate Hubbard model based on the $j$-$j$ coupling scheme to investigate the mechanism of superconductivity of filled skutterudites. In the 2-site model, we carefully evaluate the superconducting pair susceptibility for the case of $n$=2 and find that the susceptibility for off-site Cooper pair is clearly enhanced only in a transition region in which the singlet and triplet ground states are interchanged.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures, Typeset with jpsj2.cl

Theory of Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state of superconductors with and without inversion symmetry: Hubbard model approach

We study Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state of superconductors with and without inversion symmetry based on the Hubbard model on the square lattice near half-filling, using the random phase approximation. We show that center of mass momentum $Q$ tends to be parallel to $x$- or y-axis in the presence of inversion symmetry, while $Q$ vector is likely to be perpendicular to the magnetic field in the absence of inversion symmetry. We also clarify that $d+f$-wave pairing is favored and the hetero spin triplet $f$-wave state is present in the FFLO state unlike state in the superconductors only with the Rashba type spin-orbit coupling (RSOC) originating from the broken inversion symmetry. The triplet $f$-wave state is enhanced by magnetic field and the RSOC. This stems from the reduction of the spin susceptibilities by the magnetic field and the RSOC.Comment: 9 pages, 15 figures, 1 tabl

Study of nuclei in the vicinity of the "Island of Inversion" through fusion-evaporation reaction

We report the first observation of high-spin states in nuclei in the vicinity of the "island of inversion", populated via the 18O+18O fusion reaction at an incident beam energy of 34 MeV. The fusion reaction mechanism circumvents the limitations of non-equilibrated reactions used to populate these nuclei. Detailed spin-parity measurements in these difficult to populate nuclei have been possible from the observed coincidence anisotropy and the linear polarization measurements. The spectroscopy of 33,34P and 33S is presented in detail along with the results of calculations within the shell model framework

Multiband Superconductivity in Heavy Fermion Compound CePt3Si without Inversion Symmetry: An NMR Study on a High-Quality Single Crystal

We report on novel superconducting characteristics of the heavy fermion (HF) superconductor CePt3Si without inversion symmetry through 195Pt-NMR study on a single crystal with T_c= 0.46 K that is lower than T_c= 0.75 K for polycrystals. We show that the intrinsic superconducting characteristics inherent to CePt3Si can be understood in terms of the unconventional strong-coupling state with a line-node gap below T_c= 0.46 K. The mystery about the sample dependence of T_c is explained by the fact that more or less polycrystals and single crystals inevitably contain some disordered domains, which exhibit a conventional BCS s-wave superconductivity (SC) below 0.8 K. In contrast, the Neel temperature T_N= 2.2 K is present regardless of the quality of samples, revealing that the Fermi surface responsible for SC differ from that for the antiferromagnetic order. These unusual characteristics of CePt3Si can be also described by a multiband model; in the homogeneous domains, the coherent HF bands are responsible for the unconventional SC, whereas in the disordered domains the conduction bands existing commonly in LaPt3Si may be responsible for the conventional s-wave SC. We remark that some impurity scatterings in the disordered domains break up the 4f-electrons-derived coherent bands but not others. In this context, the small peak in 1/T_1 just below T_c reported in the previous paper (Yogi et al, 2004) is not due to a two-component order parameter composed of spin-singlet and spin-triplet Cooper pairing states, but due to the contamination of the disorder domains which are in the s-wave SC state.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., vol.78, No.1 (2009