Common Fixed Point Results on Generalized Weak Compatible Mapping in Quasi-Partial b-Metric Space

[EN] The focus of this paper is to acquaint with generalized condition (B) in a quasi-partial b-metric space and to establish coincidence and common fixed point theorems for weakly compatible pairs of mapping. Additionally, with the background of quasi-partial b-metric space, the outcomes obtained are exemplified to prove the existence and uniqueness of fixed point.Gautam, P.; Sánchez Ruiz, LM.; Verma, S.; Gupta, G. (2021). Common Fixed Point Results on Generalized Weak Compatible Mapping in Quasi-Partial b-Metric Space. Journal of Mathematics. 2021:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5526801S110202

Effect of aluminium and boron on the kinetics and morphology of graphite precipitation during malleablization

The malleablization characteristics of white irons depend on the presence of certain elements. The effect of aluminium and boron on the kinetics of graphitization and morphology of the graphite nodules were studied in twenty iron-carbon-silicon alloys. In a particular group of four compositions, the aluminium was held constant, while boron was varied from 0.001 to 0.004% in expansion of the specimens during the graphitization reaction was determined by a dial gauge dilatometer immersed in a salt-bath held at a temperature of 950°C. The dilatation curves comprising initial thermal expansion, incubation period, followed by further expansion due to the prising initial thermal expansion, incubation period followed by further expansion due to the precipitation of graphite nodules, and finally no change in length, indicated completion of graphitization reaction. Simultaneously, test pieces of identical composition were withdrawn at predetermined time intervals, microstructures and hardness values of which disclosed the kinetics, the graphitization reaction and the rate of growth of graphite nodules. The morphology of the graphite nodules were studied by determining the rate of growth with time. It was found that the nodules grew at decreasing rate. It was observed that variation of boron at a definite level of aluminium did not materially alter the kinetics of malleablization, while decrease in aluminium promoted the graphitizing reaction. (Shri S.K. Palit, Senior Scientific Assistant, and Dr. A.B. Chatterjea, Scientist, National Metallurgical Laboratory. Dr. Chatterjea is now with M/s M.N. Dastur & Co.

Distribution characteristics of burden in low shaft furnace

Even distribution and descent of raw materials in the blast furnace stack ensure uniformity of gas flow and improve the fuel rate. To improve the smelting efficiency in the low shaft furnace, the distribution patterns of various raw materials were determined in a previously designed and fabricated half scale model of the actual 12-15 tonnes per day low shaft furnace. The angle of repose of the individual raw material composing the burden and the composite burden were measured. The distribution behaviours were mapped separately with individual constituent composing the burden and also with a few typical composite burdens employed during smelting trials, with or without admission of air blast. The charging device of the low-shaft furnace consists of two drums, the undirectional rotation of which feeds the raw material to the furnace, unlike the conventional blast furnace where the charging device consists of small and big bell. In the scaled model the direction of rotation of the charging drum was alternately reversed to assess its effect on the distribution pattern. The denser and small particles remained at the place of fall inside the model while bigger particles rolled down the slope forming the final contour. The variations in ore quality showed a difference in the type of contours obtained. (Mr. K.N. Gupta, Scientist, Dr. A.B. Chatterjea, Scientist, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur

Evaluation of some properties of iron ore for blast furnace smelting

Some properties of iron ores indicative of smelting behaviour in blast furnaces have been evaluated. These properties included shatter, abrasion, decrepitation, crushing and compressive strengths (at room and elevated temperatures), reducibility characteristics and mineralogical analysis. (Mr. K.N. Gupta, Mr. J.S. Padan and Dr. A.B. Chatterjee, Scientists, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur

Production of pig iron from Andhra Pradesh raw materials

With a view to assess the possibilities of establishment of a regional iron works, the Government of Andhra Pradesh had sent the necessary raw materials available in the State. The physical and chemical properties of the raw materials were determined. In the absence of occurrence of coking coal, which precluded the possibility of iron smelting by the conventional blast furnace technique, extensive trials were conducted in the low-shaft furnace pilot plant employing either raw coal (Singareni Colliery) or low temperature carbonised coke made thereof (at the Regional Research Laboratory, Hyderabad), as fuel and reductant with variations in burden schedules and operational conditions. While the utilization of raw coal led to various operational difficulties with fluctuations in the chemical analyses of pig iron produced, the smelting operation with low temperature carbonised coke was smooth yielding pig iron of consistent composition and was considered suitable for industrial adaptation. (Dr. A.B. Chatterjea, Scientist, Dr. B.R. Nijhawan, Ex-Director, Mr. J. Goswami, Scientist, Mr. S.K. Biswas, Scientist, Mr. R. Santokh Singh, Scientist and Mr. J.S. Padan, Scientist, National Metallurgical Laboratory