1,453 research outputs found

    Second language acquisition and attrition

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    When is a bilingual an attriter? Response to the commentaries.

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    Einsatz des Striegels zur Regulierung von Vicia hirsuta in Winterweizen

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    Seed production of hairy tare was reduced by harrowing. Harrowing can be performed until ear emergence without severe damage of winter wheat. Efficacy of late and repeated harrowing was increased if combined with early harrowing (BBCH 32-33). The removal of V. hirsuta reduced winter wheat grain yield losses and enhanced thousand grain weight

    Einfluß gesteigerter organischer und mineralischer Düngung und biologisch-dynamischer Präparate auf Ertrag, Qualität und Lagerfähigkeit von Kartoffeln

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    Die gesteigerte Düngung ergab an beiden Standorten bei den meisten Parametern die erwarteten Effekte. Eine Wirkung der biologisch-dynamischen Präparate, entweder getrennt in Kompost- und Spritzpräparate, oder kombiniert angewendet, konnte ebenfalls bei mehreren Parametern nachgewiesen werden. Allerdings ist nach wie vor nicht klar, unter welchen Umständen diese Präparate wirken und warum sie z.T. gegensinnige Effekte haben. In dem hier vorgestellten Projekt stehen zur Zeit aus den letzten beiden Versuchsjahren noch diverse Parameter, u.a. einige Inhaltsstoffe (z.B. Ascorbinsäure, Nitrat, Mineralstoffe) zur Analyse und Auswertung aus. Aus diesen Ergebnissen und denen der nächsten fünf Jahre erwarten wir in der Zusammenschau mit den Ergebnissen unserer Forschergruppe (vgl. SCHULZ und KÖPKE, 1995) schlüssige Hinweise auf Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Qualität durch differenzierte Düngung und Behandlung mit den biologisch-dynamischen Präparaten

    A influência da adubagem orgânica e mineral e da adição de preparado biodinâmico na produtividade, qualidade e armazenamento de batatas

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    O aumento da concentração de adubo apresentou os efeitos esperados. Comprovou-se uma alterção significativa das propriedades aqui estudadas através do uso de preparado biodinâmico, aplicado separadamente ou combinado em forma de preparado composto ou irrigado. Não fica claro porém em quais circustâncias ele atua e porque em certos casos a sua influência é contraditória. No projeto aqui apresentado encontram-se ainda em processo de análise outros parâmetros destes dois últimos anos de colheita, como concentração de nutrientes ( por exemplo ácido ascórbico, nitrato, minerais). Espera-se que após a análise do conjunto de variáveis dos cinco anos de plantio previstos seja possível estabelecer parâmetros para o aprimoramento da qualidade da batata proveniente da agricultura orgânica atrvés da adubação diferenciada e do uso de preparado biodinâmico

    Possible large phase in psi(2S) -> 1-0- Decays

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    The strong and the electromagnetic amplitudes are analyzed on the basis of the measurements of J/psi, psi(2S) -> 1-0- in e+e- experiments. The currently available experimental information is revised with inclusion of the contribution from e+e- -> gamma * -> 1-0- . The study shows that a large phase around minus 90 degree between the strong and the electromagnetic amplitudes could not be ruled out by the experimental data for psi(2S).Comment: 4 page

    Cytoplasmic colocalization of RXRα and PPARγ as an independent negative prognosticator for breast cancer patients

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    Retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) is a nuclear receptor (NR) which functions as the primary heterodimeric partner of other NRs including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). We previously reported that, in breast cancers (BC), the subcellular localization of these two receptors was strongly associated with patient prognosis. In the present work, we investigated the prognosis value of the combined cytoplasmic expression of RXRα and PPARγ using a retrospective cohort of 250 BC samples. Patients with tumors expressing both NRs in tumor cell cytoplasm exhibited a significant shorter overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). This was also observed for patients with stage 1 tumors. Cox univariate analysis indicated that patients with tumors coexpressing RXRα and PPARγ in the cytoplasm of tumor cells have a decreased 5 y OS rate. Cytoplasmic co-expression of the two NRs significantly correlated with HER2 positivity and with NCAD and CD133, two markers of tumor aggressiveness. Finally, in Cox multivariate analysis, the co-expression of RXRα and PPARγ in the cytoplasm appeared as an independent OS prognosticator. Altogether, this study demonstrates that the cytoplasmic co-expression of RXRα and PPARγ could be of relevance for clinicians by identifying high-risk BC patients, especially amongst those with early and node-negative disease

    Prognostic relevance of nuclear receptors in relation to peritumoral inflammation and tumor infiltration by lymphocytes in breast cancer

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    The prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is intensively investigated in breast cancer (BC). It is already known that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive type of BC, has the highest percentage of TILs. In addition, there is an influence of steroid hormone receptor expression (type I nuclear receptors) on TIL subpopulations in breast cancer tissue. The link between type II nuclear receptors and the level of TILs is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify TILs in a panel of 264 sporadic breast cancers and investigate the correlation of TIL levels with type I and II nuclear receptors expression. TIL levels were significantly increased in the subgroup of TNBC. By contrast, they decreased in estrogen (ER)- or progesterone receptor (PR)-positive cases. Moreover, TIL levels were correlated with type II nuclear receptors, including PPARγ, with a significant inverse correlation of the nuclear form (r = −0.727, p 15% showed a significantly decreased overall survival. In addition, peritumoral inflammation was also quantified in BC tissue samples. In our cohort, although the level of peritumoral inflammation was not correlated with OS, it determined the prognostic value of ER, PR, and PPARγ in BC. Altogether, the present study provides a differentiated overview of the relations between nuclear receptor expression, TIL levels, peritumoral inflammation, and prognosis in BC

    Prognostic relevance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in cervix squamous cell carcinoma

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    There exists a variety of studies about tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in cervical cancer, but their prognostic value in correlation with the histopathological subtype has never been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify TIICs in a panel of 238 sporadic cervical cancers and investigate the correlation with cervical cancer subtype and patient survival. TIICs levels were significantly increased in the subgroup of CSCC (191 samples) in comparison to CAC (47 samples). In CSCC, TIICs’ infiltration showed a negative correlation with age, FIGO stage and with the histone protein modification H3K4me3. Moreover, in CAC, it was positively correlated with p16 and with the glucocorticoid receptor and inversely correlated with the MDM2 protein and with H3K4me3. Interestingly, immune infiltration was an independent positive prognosticator for disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with CSCC, those bearing tumors with the strongest TIICs infiltration showing the better DFS. Altogether, the present study provides a differentiated overview of the relations between TIIC levels and prognosis in patients with CSCC vs. patients with CAC

    Systems-level engineering and characterization of Clostridium autoethanogenum through heterologous production of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB)

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    Gas fermentation is emerging as an economically attractive option for the sustainable production of fuels and chemicals from gaseous waste feedstocks. Clostridium autoethanogenum can use CO and/or CO + H as its sole carbon and energy sources. Fermentation of C. autoethanogenum is currently being deployed on a commercial scale for ethanol production. Expanding the product spectrum of acetogens will enhance the economics of gas fermentation. To achieve efficient heterologous product synthesis, limitations in redox and energy metabolism must be overcome. Here, we engineered and characterised at a systems-level, a recombinant poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB)-producing strain of C. autoethanogenum. Cells were grown in CO-limited steady-state chemostats on two gas mixtures, one resembling syngas (20% H) and the other steel mill off-gas (2% H). Results were characterized using metabolomics and transcriptomics, and then integrated using a genome-scale metabolic model reconstruction. PHB-producing cells had an increased expression of the Rnf complex, suggesting energy limitations for heterologous production. Subsequent optimization of the bioprocess led to a 12-fold increase in the cellular PHB content. The data suggest that the cellular redox state, rather than the acetyl-CoA pool, was limiting PHB production. Integration of the data into the genome-scale metabolic model showed that ATP availability limits PHB production. Altogether, the data presented here advances the fundamental understanding of heterologous product synthesis in gas-fermenting acetogens
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