24,618 research outputs found
Rate Splitting for MIMO Wireless Networks: A Promising PHY-Layer Strategy for LTE Evolution
MIMO processing plays a central part towards the recent increase in spectral
and energy efficiencies of wireless networks. MIMO has grown beyond the
original point-to-point channel and nowadays refers to a diverse range of
centralized and distributed deployments. The fundamental bottleneck towards
enormous spectral and energy efficiency benefits in multiuser MIMO networks
lies in a huge demand for accurate channel state information at the transmitter
(CSIT). This has become increasingly difficult to satisfy due to the increasing
number of antennas and access points in next generation wireless networks
relying on dense heterogeneous networks and transmitters equipped with a large
number of antennas. CSIT inaccuracy results in a multi-user interference
problem that is the primary bottleneck of MIMO wireless networks. Looking
backward, the problem has been to strive to apply techniques designed for
perfect CSIT to scenarios with imperfect CSIT. In this paper, we depart from
this conventional approach and introduce the readers to a promising strategy
based on rate-splitting. Rate-splitting relies on the transmission of common
and private messages and is shown to provide significant benefits in terms of
spectral and energy efficiencies, reliability and CSI feedback overhead
reduction over conventional strategies used in LTE-A and exclusively relying on
private message transmissions. Open problems, impact on standard specifications
and operational challenges are also discussed.Comment: accepted to IEEE Communication Magazine, special issue on LTE
Evolutio
Enhancement of singly and multiply strangeness in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at 158A GeV/c
The idea that the reduction of the strange quark suppression in string
fragmentation leads to the enhancement of strange particle yield in
nucleus-nucleus collisions is applied to study the singly and multiply strange
particle production in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at 158A GeV/c. In this
mechanism the strange quark suppression factor is related to the effective
string tension, which increases in turn with the increase of the energy, of the
centrality and of the mass of colliding system. The WA97 observation that the
strange particle enhancement increases with the increasing of centrality and of
strange quark content in multiply strange particles in Pb-Pb collisions with
respect to p-Pb collisions was accounted reasonably.Comment: 8 pages, 3 PostScript figures, in Latex form. submitted to PR
Doping dependent charge injection and band alignment in organic field-effect transistors
We have studied metal/organic semiconductor charge injection in
poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) field-effect transistors with Pt and Au
electrodes as a function of annealing in vacuum. At low impurity dopant
densities, Au/P3HT contact resistances increase and become nonohmic. In
contrast, Pt/P3HT contacts remain ohmic even at far lower doping. Ultraviolet
photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) reveals that metal/P3HT band alignment shifts
dramatically as samples are dedoped, leading to an increased injection barrier
for holes, with a greater shift for Au/P3HT. These results demonstrate that
doping can drastically alter band alignment and the charge injection process at
metal/organic interfaces.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Adjusting for Confounding by Neighborhood Using a Proportional Odds Model and Complex Survey Data
In social epidemiology, an individual\u27s neighborhood is considered to be an important determinant of health behaviors, mediators, and outcomes. Consequently, when investigating health disparities, researchers may wish to adjust for confounding by unmeasured neighborhood factors, such as local availability of health facilities or cultural predispositions. With a simple random sample and a binary outcome, a conditional logistic regression analysis that treats individuals within a neighborhood as a matched set is a natural method to use. The authors present a generalization of this method for ordinal outcomes and complex sampling designs. The method is based on a proportional odds model and is very simple to program using standard software such as SAS PROC SURVEYLOGISTIC (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina). The authors applied the method to analyze racial/ethnic differences in dental preventative care, using 2008 Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey data. The ordinal outcome represented time since last dental cleaning, and the authors adjusted for individual-level confounding by gender, age, education, and health insurance coverage. The authors compared results with and without additional adjustment for confounding by neighborhood, operationalized as zip code. The authors found that adjustment for confounding by neighborhood greatly affected the results in this example
Pseudoscalar-photon Interactions, Axions, Non-Minimal Extensions, and Their Empirical Constraints from Observations
Pseudoscalar-photon interactions were proposed in the study of the relations
among equivalence principles. The interaction of pseudoscalar axion with gluons
was proposed as a way to solve the strong CP problem. Subsequent proposal of
axion as a dark matter candidate has been a focus of search. Motivation from
superstring theories add to its importance. After a brief introduction and
historical review, we present (i) the current status of our optical experiment
using high-finesse Fabry-Perot resonant cavity - Q & A experiment - to detect
pseudoscalar-photon interactions, (ii) the constraints on pseudoscalar-photon
interactions from astrophysical and cosmological observations on cosmic
polarization rotation, and (iii) theoretical models of non-minimal interactions
of gravitational, electromagnetic and pseudoscalar (axion) fields, and their
relevance to cosmology.Comment: 8 page
Quantum spin models for the SU(n)_1 Wess-Zumino-Witten model
We propose 1D and 2D lattice wave functions constructed from the SU(n)_1
Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) model and derive their parent Hamiltonians. When all
spins in the lattice transform under SU(n) fundamental representations, we
obtain a two-body Hamiltonian in 1D, including the SU(n) Haldane-Shastry model
as a special case. In 2D, we show that the wave function converges to a class
of Halperin's multilayer fractional quantum Hall states and belongs to chiral
spin liquids. Our result reveals a hidden SU(n) symmetry for this class of
Halperin states. When the spins sit on bipartite lattices with alternating
fundamental and conjugate representations, we provide numerical evidence that
the state in 1D exhibits quantum criticality deviating from the expected
behaviors of the SU(n)_1 WZW model, while in 2D they are chiral spin liquids
being consistent with the prediction of the SU(n)_1 WZW model.Comment: 28 pages, 9 figures, published versio
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