1,355 research outputs found
Ergodic and non-ergodic clustering of inertial particles
We compute the fractal dimension of clusters of inertial particles in mixing
flows at finite values of Kubo (Ku) and Stokes (St) numbers, by a new series
expansion in Ku. At small St, the theory includes clustering by Maxey's
non-ergodic 'centrifuge' effect. In the limit of St to infinity and Ku to zero
(so that Ku^2 St remains finite) it explains clustering in terms of ergodic
'multiplicative amplification'. In this limit, the theory is consistent with
the asymptotic perturbation series in [Duncan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95
(2005) 240602]. The new theory allows to analyse how the two clustering
mechanisms compete at finite values of St and Ku. For particles suspended in
two-dimensional random Gaussian incompressible flows, the theory yields
excellent results for Ku < 0.2 for arbitrary values of St; the ergodic
mechanism is found to contribute significantly unless St is very small. For
higher values of Ku the new series is likely to require resummation. But
numerical simulations show that for Ku ~ St ~ 1 too, ergodic 'multiplicative
amplification' makes a substantial contribution to the observed clustering.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Branes from a non-Abelian (2,0) tensor multiplet with 3-algebra
In this paper, we study the equations of motion for non-Abelian N=(2,0)
tensor multiplets in six dimensions, which were recently proposed by Lambert
and Papageorgakis. Some equations are regarded as constraint equations. We
employ a loop extension of the Lorentzian three-algebra (3-algebra) and examine
the equations of motion around various solutions of the constraint equations.
The resultant equations take forms that allow Lagrangian descriptions. We find
various (5+d)-dimensional Lagrangians and investigate the relation between them
from the viewpoint of M-theory duality.Comment: 44+1 pages, reference added, typos corrected, and several discussions
added; v3, reference added, many typos corrected, the language improved; v4,
some typos and references corrected, final version to appear in J. Phys.
Alignment of Nonspherical Active Particles in Chaotic Flows
We study the orientation statistics of spheroidal, axisymmetric
microswimmers, with shapes ranging from disks to rods, swimming in chaotic,
moderately turbulent flows. Numerical simulations show that rod-like active
particles preferentially align with the flow velocity. To explain the
underlying mechanism we solve a statistical model via perturbation theory. We
show that such alignment is caused by correlations of fluid velocity and its
gradients along particle paths combined with fore-aft symmetry breaking due to
both swimming and particle nonsphericity. Remarkably, the discovered alignment
is found to be a robust kinematical effect, independent of the underlying flow
evolution. We discuss its possible relevance for aquatic ecology.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, Supplements in Ancillary directory, accepted in
Physical Review Letter
Constraining Maximally Supersymmetric Membrane Actions
We study the recent construction of maximally supersymmetric field theory
Lagrangians in three spacetime dimensions that are based on algebras with a
triple product. Assuming that the algebra has a positive definite metric
compatible with the triple product, we prove that the only non-trivial examples
are either the well known case based on a four dimensional algebra or direct
sums thereof.Comment: 11 pages, very minor changes. Reference added. Version to be
published in JHE
Influence of a Random Telegraph Process on the Transport through a Point Contact
We describe the transport properties of a point contact under the influence
of a classical two-level fluctuator. We employ a transfer matrix formalism
allowing us to calculate arbitrary correlation functions of the stochastic
process by mapping them on matrix products. The result is used to obtain the
generating function of the full counting statistics of a classical point
contact subject to a classical fluctuator, including extensions to a pair of
two-level fluctuators as well as to a quantum point contact. We show that the
noise in the quantum point contact is a sum of the (quantum) partitioning noise
and the (classical) noise due to the two-level fluctuator. As a side result, we
obtain the full counting statistics of a quantum point contact with
time-dependent transmission probabilities.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure; a new section about experiments and a figure
showing the crossover from sub- to superpoissonian noise have been adde
Probing the Space of Toric Quiver Theories
We demonstrate a practical and efficient method for generating toric Calabi-Yau quiver theories, applicable to both D3 and M2 brane world-volume physics. A new analytic method is presented at low order parametres and an algorithm for the general case is developed which has polynomial complexity in the number of edges in the quiver. Using this algorithm, carefully implemented, we classify the quiver diagram and assign possible superpotentials for various small values of the number of edges and nodes. We examine some preliminary statistics on this space of toric quiver theories
N=8 superconformal gauge theories and M2 branes
Based on recent developments, in this letter we find 2+1 dimensional gauge
theories with scale invariance and N=8 supersymmetry. The gauge theories are
defined by a Lagrangian and are based on an infinite set of 3-algebras,
constructed as an extension of ordinary Lie algebras. Recent no-go theorems on
the existence of 3-algebras are circumvented by relaxing the assumption that
the invariant metric is positive definite. The gauge group is non compact, and
its maximally compact subgroup can be chosen to be any ordinary Lie group,
under which the matter fields are adjoints or singlets. The theories are parity
invariant and do not admit any tunable coupling constant. In the case of SU(N)
the moduli space of vacua contains a branch of the form (R^8)^N/S_N. These
properties are expected for the field theory living on a stack of M2 branes.Comment: 14 pages, no figure
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