The quality of spring rape seeds and its dependence on the doses of mineral fertilizers under the conditions of Southern Urals

Spring rape is a high-marginal crop that can be used in different areas of the national economy. Despite this, the area used for sowing this crop in the Russian Federation is still small, and the quality of its seeds does not always meet the standards. The purpose of the research is to identify the most effective doses of mineral fertilizers that allow obtaining the planned harvest of high-quality spring rape seeds in the southern forest-steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The paper presents the results of triennial field researches (2016–2018) on the effect of mineral fertilizers on some indicators of the quality of spring rape seeds of the Iubileynyi variety. The research was carried out in the educational and scientific center of Bashkir State Agrarian University (Ufa, the Russian Federation) on leached black soils of heavy loam granulometric composition. The positive effect of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers on the object of interest was evident. Fertilization increased the spring rape yield capacity and its oil content by 0.34–0.51 t ha-1 and 0.1–1.8%, respectively. The yield of oil per hectare also increased. The use of fertilizers increased the content of nitrogen and potassium, averaging over three years 3.32–3.36% and 1.00–1.03%, respectively. The use of fertilizers did not significantly effect the content of phosphorus. The content of phosphorus did not exceed 1.74–1.79%. Crude protein content was 19.4–19.6% for researched period

Разработка искусственных почвогрунтов в смеси с различными местными агрорудами, мелиорантами, отходами сельскохозяйственного и промышленного производства

In the process of growth and development, cultivated plants synthesize dry matter by removing mineral nutrients from the soil. Therefore, the root layer of cultivated plants must be rich in elements of mineral nutrition. Their economic removal as a result of alienation from the grown crop requires a return to the soil to increase its fertility and ensure the productivity of the upcoming harvest. The research aims to develop artificial grounds mixed with various local agricultural ores, ameliorants, and waste from agricultural and industrial production, including macro- and microelements. Studies were conducted under artificial conditions in the phytotron of Bashkir State Agrarian University. In the control variant, oats had the highest productivity and plant survival (57.0%), slightly lower - in spring wheat (43.0%), and the lowest - in pea (28.0%) because of potting soil acidity. The authors believe that the addition of zeolite to the soil increases the productivity of peas by 20.0%; spring wheat by 20.9; oats by 24.0%; with phosphogypsum by 38.0, 24.9 and 30.0%, respectively. The most effective in the experiments was the variant of potting soils with defecate. The growth in pea plants was 44.0%, spring wheat - 29.10 and oats - 234.0%. Potting soils and their components have excellent prospects in crop production in Russia.В процессе роста и развития культурные растения синтезируют сухое вещество с выносом элементов минерального питания из почвы. Поэтому корнеобитаемый слой культурных растений должен быть богат элементами минерального питания, а хозяйственный вынос их в результате отчуждения с выращенным урожаем требует возвращения обратно в почву в целях повышения ее плодородия и обеспечения продуктивности предстоящей культуры. Целью исследований является разработка искусственных почвогрунтов в смеси с различными местными агрорудами, мелиорантами и отходами сельскохозяйственного и промышленного производства, включающими макро- и микроэлементы. Исследования проводились в искусственных условиях в фитотроне БГАУ. В контрольном варианте из-за кислотности почвогрунта наибольшая продуктивность и выживаемость растений отмечена у овса (57,0%), несколько меньшая – у яровой пшеницы (43,0%) и наименьшая – у гороха (28,0%). Добавление цеолита в почвогрунт обеспечило повышение продуктивности гороха на 20,0%, яровой пшеницы – на 20,9, овса – на 24,0%; с фосфогипсом соответственно на 38,0; 24,9 и 30,0%. Самым эффективным в опытах был вариант почвогрунта с дефекатом. Прирост у растений гороха составил 44,0%, яровой пшеницы – 29,10 и овса – 234,0%. Почвогрунты и их компоненты имеют большую перспективу в производстве продукции растениеводства в России