693 research outputs found
The topological structure of 2D disordered cellular systems
We analyze the structure of two dimensional disordered cellular systems
generated by extensive computer simulations. These cellular structures are
studied as topological trees rooted on a central cell or as closed shells
arranged concentrically around a germ cell. We single out the most significant
parameters that characterize statistically the organization of these patterns.
Universality and specificity in disordered cellular structures are discussed.Comment: 18 Pages LaTeX, 16 Postscript figure
Effects of electron-phonon interactions on the electron tunneling spectrum of PbS quantum dots
We present a tunnel spectroscopy study of single PbS Quantum Dots (QDs) as
function of temperature and gate voltage. Three distinct signatures of strong
electron-phonon coupling are observed in the Electron Tunneling Spectrum (ETS)
of these QDs. In the shell-filling regime, the degeneracy of the
electronic levels is lifted by the Coulomb interactions and allows the
observation of phonon sub-bands that result from the emission of optical
phonons. At low bias, a gap is observed in the ETS that cannot be closed with
the gate voltage, which is a distinguishing feature of the Franck-Condon (FC)
blockade. From the data, a Huang-Rhys factor in the range is
obtained. Finally, in the shell tunneling regime, the optical phonons appear in
the inelastic ETS .Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Glass transition in self organizing cellular patterns
We have considered the dynamical evolution of cellular patterns controlled by
a stochastic Glauber process determined by the deviations of local cell
topology from that of a crystalline structure. Above a critical temperature
evolution is towards a common equilibrium state from any initial configuration,
but beneath this temperature there is a dynamical phase transition, with a
start from a quasi-random state leading to non-equilibrium glassy freezing
whereas an ordered start rests almost unchanged. A temporal persistence
function decays exponentially in the high temperature equilibrating state but
has a characteristic slow non-equilibrium aging-like behaviour in the low
temperature glassy phase.Comment: Added references, text minor change
Autocorrelation analysis for the unbiased determination of power-law exponents in single-quantum-dot blinking
We present an unbiased and robust analysis method for power-law blinking
statistics in the photoluminescence of single nano-emitters, allowing us to
extract both the bright- and dark-state power-law exponents from the emitters'
intensity autocorrelation functions. As opposed to the widely-used threshold
method, our technique therefore does not require discriminating the emission
levels of bright and dark states in the experimental intensity timetraces. We
rely on the simultaneous recording of 450 emission timetraces of single
CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots at a frame rate of 250 Hz with single photon
sensitivity. Under these conditions, our approach can determine ON and OFF
power-law exponents with a precision of 3% from a comparison to numerical
simulations, even for shot-noise-dominated emission signals with an average
intensity below 1 photon per frame and per quantum dot. These capabilities pave
the way for the unbiased, threshold-free determination of blinking power-law
exponents at the micro-second timescale
Strong Purcell effect observed in single thick shell CdSe/CdS nanocrystals coupled to localized surface plasmons
High quality factor dielectric cavities designed to a nanoscale accuracy are
mostly used to increase the spontaneous emission rate of a single emitter. Here
we show that the coupling, at room temperature, between thick shell CdSe/CdS
nanocrystals and random metallic films offers a very promising alternative
approach. Optical modes confined at the nanoscale induce strong Purcell factors
reaching values as high as 60. Moreover the quantum emission properties can be
tailored: strong antibunching or radiative biexcitonic cascades can be obtained
with high photon collection efficiency and extremely reduced blinking.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figure
Towards precision medicine:What are the stratification hypotheses to identify homogeneous inflammatory subgroups
Diverse lines of research testify a link, presumably causal, between immune dysregulation and the development, course and clinical outcome of psychiatric disorders. However, there is a large heterogeneity among the patients? individual immune profile and this heterogeneity prevents the development of precise diagnostic tools and the identification of therapeutic targets. The aim of this review was to delineate possible subgroups of patients on the basis of clinical dimensions, investigating whether they could lead to particular immune signatures and tailored treatments. We discuss six clinical entry points; genetic liability to immune dysregula-tion, childhood maltreatment, metabolic syndrome, cognitive dysfunction, negative symptoms and treatment resistance. We describe the associated immune signature and outline the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs so far. Finally, we discuss advantages of this approach, challenges and future research directions. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Quasi-stationary regime of a branching random walk in presence of an absorbing wall
A branching random walk in presence of an absorbing wall moving at a constant
velocity undergoes a phase transition as the velocity of the wall
varies. Below the critical velocity , the population has a non-zero
survival probability and when the population survives its size grows
exponentially. We investigate the histories of the population conditioned on
having a single survivor at some final time . We study the quasi-stationary
regime for when is large. To do so, one can construct a modified
stochastic process which is equivalent to the original process conditioned on
having a single survivor at final time . We then use this construction to
show that the properties of the quasi-stationary regime are universal when
. We also solve exactly a simple version of the problem, the
exponential model, for which the study of the quasi-stationary regime can be
reduced to the analysis of a single one-dimensional map.Comment: 2 figures, minor corrections, one reference adde
Quantum dots for multimodal molecular imaging of angiogenesis
Quantum dots exhibit unique optical properties for bioimaging purposes. We have previously developed quantum dots with a paramagnetic and functionalized coating and have shown their potential for molecular imaging purposes. In the current mini-review we summarize the synthesis procedure, the in vitro testing and, importantly, the in vivo application for multimodal molecular imaging of tumor angiogenesis
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