185 research outputs found
Comments on large-N volume independence
We study aspects of the large-N volume independence on R**3 x L**G, where
L**G is a G-site lattice for Yang-Mills theory with adjoint Wilson-fermions. We
find the critical number of lattice sites above which the center-symmetry
analysis on L**G agrees with the one on the continuum S**1. For Wilson
parameter set to one and G>=2, the two analyses agree. One-loop radiative
corrections to Wilson-line masses are finite, reminiscent of the
UV-insensitivity of the Higgs mass in deconstruction/Little-Higgs theories.
Even for theories with G=1, volume independence in QCD(adj) may be guaranteed
to work by tuning one low-energy effective field theory parameter. Within the
parameter space of the theory, at most three operators of the 3d effective
field theory exhibit one-loop UV-sensitivity. This opens the analytical
prospect to study 4d non-perturbative physics by using lower dimensional field
theories (d=3, in our example).Comment: 12 pages; added small clarifications, published versio
Türkiye'de veteriner hekimliği eğitiminde su ürünleri ve balıkçılık: Tarihsel süreç ve son gelişmeler]
This study aims to depict the historical background and recent developments of education on fisheries, aquaculture, and aquatic animal diseases in veterinary faculties in Turkey. Data collected by verbal communication with the deanships of veterinary faculties in Turkey and the exploration of their web sites, as well as original documents obtained first-hand from the archives of the Ankara, Ondokuz Mayıs, Bursa Uludağ, Erciyes, Harran, and Aksaray Veterinary Faculties, constituted the main material of this study. Data were assessed by means of the content analysis. In Turkey, while fisheries and aquaculture were first included in the veterinary curriculum in the 1940s as a joint lecture, under the name of Honeybee and Fish Diseases”, the first department was established in 1967 within the Ankara University Veterinary Faculty. In the following years, counterpart departments were established within the veterinary faculties in Elazığ and İstanbul. However, after the reorganisation of higher education in 1981, it was decided to close down those departments. The significant advances of the aquaculture sector by the end of the 20th century, requiring the employment of veterinarians in this sector, and the inclusion of this field in the acquis of the European Union led to relevant lectures being reincluded in the curricula of veterinary faculties in Turkey and relevant departments being established within these faculties. It has been determined that, today, while 5 veterinary faculties continue with related education and training activities and academic research under the tutelage of departments of fisheries, aquaculture, and aquatic animal diseases, 21 veterinary faculties with no counterpart departments have included lectures on fisheries, aquaculture, and aquatic animal diseases in their curricula. It is considered that in order to improve the aquatic animal health status and to meet the increasing demand for veterinary human resources of the sector in Turkey, education and research opportunities offered by veterinary educational institutions need to be increased, and the authorities and responsibilities of the different occupational stakeholder groups involved in fisheries and aquaculture should be clearly demarcated in the legislation. © 2021, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi. All rights reserved
Between a rock and a hard place: corporate elites in the context of religion and secularism in Turkey
Drawing on discourse analyses of 36 in-depth interviews with elite business people from Turkey, the study identifies the networking patterns of new and established business elites in the context of economic liberalization and socioreligious transformation of the country. Through a comparative analysis of the so-called secular and religious elite networks, we demonstrate the role of institutional actors such as the government, and identity networks, based on religion and place of birth in shaping the form and content of social networks among business elites in Turkey. In order to achieve this, we operationalize Bourdieu's notion of theory of practice and Granovetter's theory of social networks, illustrating the utility of combining these approaches in explicating the form and content of social networks in their situated contexts, in which power and divergent interests are negotiated.Galatasaray University Research Fund [grant number 12.102.005]
SO(2N) and SU(N) gauge theories in 2+1 dimensions
We perform an exploratory investigation of how rapidly the physics of SO(2N)
gauge theories approaches its N=oo limit. This question has recently become
topical because SO(2N) gauge theories are orbifold equivalent to SU(N) gauge
theories, but do not have a finite chemical potential sign problem. We consider
only the pure gauge theory and, because of the inconvenient location of the
lattice strong-to-weak coupling 'bulk' transition in 3+1 dimensions, we largely
confine our numerical calculations to 2+1 dimensions. We discuss analytic
expectations in both D=2+1 and D=3+1, show that the SO(6) and SU(4) spectra do
indeed appear to be the same, and show that a number of mass ratios do indeed
appear to agree in the large-N limit. In particular SO(6) and SU(3) gauge
theories are quite similar except for the values of the string tension and
coupling, both of which differences can be readily understood.Comment: 27 pages, 9 figure
Volume independence in large Nc QCD-like gauge theories
Volume independence in large \Nc gauge theories may be viewed as a
generalized orbifold equivalence. The reduction to zero volume (or Eguchi-Kawai
reduction) is a special case of this equivalence. So is temperature
independence in confining phases. In pure Yang-Mills theory, the failure of
volume independence for sufficiently small volumes (at weak coupling) due to
spontaneous breaking of center symmetry, together with its validity above a
critical size, nicely illustrate the symmetry realization conditions which are
both necessary and sufficient for large \Nc orbifold equivalence. The
existence of a minimal size below which volume independence fails also applies
to Yang-Mills theory with antisymmetric representation fermions [QCD(AS)].
However, in Yang-Mills theory with adjoint representation fermions [QCD(Adj)],
endowed with periodic boundary conditions, volume independence remains valid
down to arbitrarily small size. In sufficiently large volumes, QCD(Adj) and
QCD(AS) have a large \Nc ``orientifold'' equivalence, provided charge
conjugation symmetry is unbroken in the latter theory. Therefore, via a
combined orbifold-orientifold mapping, a well-defined large \Nc equivalence
exists between QCD(AS) in large, or infinite, volume and QCD(Adj) in
arbitrarily small volume. Since asymptotically free gauge theories, such as
QCD(Adj), are much easier to study (analytically or numerically) in small
volume, this equivalence should allow greater understanding of large \Nc QCD
in infinite volume.Comment: 32 pages, 4 figure
Large-N spacetime reduction and the sign and silver-blaze problems of dense QCD
We study the spacetime-reduced (Eguchi-Kawai) version of large-N QCD with
nonzero chemical potential. We explore a method to suppress the sign
fluctuations of the Dirac determinant in the hadronic phase; the method employs
a re-summation of gauge configurations that are related to each other by center
transformations. We numerically test this method in two dimensions, and find
that it successfully solves the silver-blaze problem. We analyze the system
further, and measure its free energy F, the average phase theta of its Dirac
determinant, and its chiral condensate . We show that F and
are independent of mu in the hadronic phase but that, as chiral
perturbation theory predicts, the quenched chiral condensate drops from its
mu=0 value when mu~(pion mass)/2. Finally, we find that the distribution of
theta qualitatively agrees with further, more recent, predictions from chiral
perturbation theory.Comment: 43 pages, 17 figure
The semi-classical expansion and resurgence in gauge theories: new perturbative, instanton, bion, and renormalon effects
We study the dynamics of four dimensional gauge theories with adjoint
fermions for all gauge groups, both in perturbation theory and
non-perturbatively, by using circle compactification with periodic boundary
conditions for the fermions. There are new gauge phenomena. We show that, to
all orders in perturbation theory, many gauge groups are Higgsed by the gauge
holonomy around the circle to a product of both abelian and nonabelian gauge
group factors. Non-perturbatively there are monopole-instantons with fermion
zero modes and two types of monopole-anti-monopole molecules, called bions. One
type are "magnetic bions" which carry net magnetic charge and induce a mass gap
for gauge fluctuations. Another type are "neutral bions" which are magnetically
neutral, and their understanding requires a generalization of multi-instanton
techniques in quantum mechanics - which we refer to as the
Bogomolny-Zinn-Justin (BZJ) prescription - to compactified field theory. The
BZJ prescription applied to bion-anti-bion topological molecules predicts a
singularity on the positive real axis of the Borel plane (i.e., a divergence
from summing large orders in peturbation theory) which is of order N times
closer to the origin than the leading 4-d BPST instanton-anti-instanton
singularity, where N is the rank of the gauge group. The position of the
bion--anti-bion singularity is thus qualitatively similar to that of the 4-d IR
renormalon singularity, and we conjecture that they are continuously related as
the compactification radius is changed. By making use of transseries and
Ecalle's resurgence theory we argue that a non-perturbative continuum
definition of a class of field theories which admit semi-classical expansions
may be possible.Comment: 112 pages, 7 figures; v2: typos corrected, discussion of
supersymmetric models added at the end of section 8.1, reference adde
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