Physicochemical characterization of the PEG8000-Na2SO4 aqueous two-phase system

The polyethylene glycol-sodium sulfate aqueous two-phase system has been characterized at 23 °C. Tielines for the phase diagram were obtained experimentally. Phases in equilibrium were characterized by means of the solvatochromic parameters π*, α, and β, which provide a measurement of the polarity/polarizability and the H-bond donor and acceptor abilities, respectively. The ability of the phases to participate in hydrophobic interactions was characterized by means of the free energy of transfer of a methylene group between the conjugated phases, using the partition of a homologous series of dinitrophenylated amino acids. The results show the effect of the presence of polymer and salt in the aqueous phase, and a comparison of both phases with pure water is made.LSRE-PortoUniversidade Católica PortuguesaEscola Superior de Biotecnologia do PortoFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

The Ursinus Weekly, October 15, 1934

Large number of graduates and friends expected back for annual Old Timers\u27 Day • 1935 Ruby staff chosen by editor • Grizzlies downed by St. Joe\u27s, 6-4 • Ursinus to grapple with traditional rival • New grizzly gridder to appear on Friday • Women\u27s Club to hold tea for mothers of students • Torch parade and bonfire celebrate Penn victory • Curtain Club tryouts set for tomorrow evening, 6:30 • Call for candidates issued by men\u27s debating organization • Dr. J. M. Anders secured for med. society speaker • Business group meets • Liberty • Austrian situation discussed by International Relations Club • New officers introduced at WAA business meeting • Brotherhood to inaugurate deputation season Sunday • Panel discussion featured at joint Y.M.-Y.W. meeting • English Club prepares for postponed meeting • English group prepares for annual entertainment • Membership lists issued by intersorority council. • Mock cabinet meeting planned for women\u27s Debating Club • French Club to meet for first time on October 17 • Brian elected president of history - soc. sci. group • Initial math group meeting planned for October 16 • Two sororities merge to form new Omega Chi • Curtis Hall takes lead in interdorm grid league • Frosh prepare for battle with strong Perkiomen team • Men\u27s tennis tournament delayed by bad weather • Fair grizzlies overcome Saturday morning club • Doc. Baker\u27s proteges bow to West Chester teachers • Senior week-end changed from early May to December • Student activities council to post chart of eventshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1969/thumbnail.jp

The effect of salts on the liquid–liquid phase equilibria of PEG600 + salt aqueous two-phase systems

Six new ATPSs were prepared by combining polyethylene glycol PEG600 with potassium citrate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium formate, potassium formate, sodium sulfate, and lithium sulfate. Complete phase diagrams, including the binodal curve and three tie-lines, were determined at 23 °C. The experimental data obtained for the binodal curve were successfully adjusted to the Merchuk equation, and the reliability of tie-line data was confirmed using the equations suggested by Othmer–Tobias and Bancroft. The ability of each ion to induce ATPS formation was investigated. Na+ proved to be more effective in ATPS formation than K+ and Li+. For potassium salts, the order observed for the effectiveness of the anions was: HPO42– > C6H5O73– > HCO2–. Regarding the sodium salts, it was found that SO42– is clearly more effective than HCO2–. The position of the ions in the Hofmeister series and their free energy of hydration (ΔGhyd) were used to explain the ability of the ions to induce PEG salting-out. Furthermore, the effective excluded volume (EEV) of the salts was determined and the following order was found: Na2SO4 > K2HPO4 > Li2SO4 > K3C6H5O7 > NaCHO2 > KCHO2. Similar order was obtained when analyzing the size of the heterogeneous regions, suggesting the practical use of EEV as a comparison parameter between different ATPSs.This work is partially supported by project PEst-C/EQB/LA0020/2011, financed by FEDER through COMPETE-Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade and by FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia. Sara Silverio acknowledges her Ph.D. grant from FCT (SFRH/BD/43439/2008)

Effect of different indigenous microorganism formulations on the growth of hot pepper

Indigenous microorganisms (IMO) are cheap source of fertilizers. They act as reserve source for all nutrients and add organic matter to the soil, thus increasing soil fertility. This study aims to characterize the indigenous microorganisms present in cooked rice added with molasses and evaluate its effect on the growth of hot pepper. IMO from cooked rice added with molasses (1:1 ratio) has the following chemical characteristics: 0.49% N, 0.05% P205, 1.63% K20, 84.50 ppm Mg, 18.56 ppm Ca, 2.85 ppm Mn, 1.51 ppm Fe, 0.43 ppm Zn and 0.24% Cu. Different IMO formulations were prepared containing 100%, 20% and 10% molasses. Five fungal species were obtained on the 3rd day of fermentation, Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. on the 9th day and Rhizopus sp. on the 15th fermentation day. Initial results showed that hot pepper plant inoculated with IMO 100 showed an increase of 109.80% in plant height over the chemical fertilizer while plants inoculated with IMO 20 and IMO 10 gave 50% increase

The Sensitivity of Standard Radiographic Foot Measures to Misalignment

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects that X-ray source misalignment has on common measurements made from anterior-poster (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) view foot radiographs. Methods: A cadaveric foot model was used to obtain ML radiographs with ±25 degree transverse plane misalignment. From these images the calcaneal pitch angle (CPA) and lateral talometatarsal angle (LTMA) were measured. AP images were captured with up to 30 degree sagittal plane misalignment as well as ±15 degree misalignment in the transverse plane at each sagittal angle. From these images the talonavicular coverage angle (TNCA) and talometatarsal angle (TMA) were measured. Results: On the ML images, the CPA was sensitive to transverse plane misalignment from −10 to −25 degrees and from 15 to 25 degrees ( P &lt; .005). The LTMA was a more reliable measurement than the CPA and did not demonstrate sensitivity to transverse plane misalignment. On the AP images, the TNCA and TMA were not sensitive to sagittal plane misalignment alone. However, at 0, 10, and 15 degrees sagittal misalignment the TNCA showed sensitivity to transverse plane misalignment ( P &lt; .0083). Conclusion: Misalignment of an X-ray source can lead to errors in the measurement of foot radiographic parameters, especially the CPA when there is transverse plane misalignment and the TNCA when there is both sagittal and transverse plane misalignment. The LTMA and TMA can be measured reliably, even with significant misalignment present. Clinical Relevance: If a researcher or clinician is interested in measuring the CPA or TNCA, the current best practices guidelines for obtaining ML and AP images should be closely followed. </jats:sec