Berry and Pancharatnam Topological Phases of Atomic and Optical Systems

Theoretical and experimental studies of Berry and Pancharatnam phases are reviewed. Basic elements of differential geometry are presented for understanding the topological nature of these phases. The basic theory analyzed by Berry in relation to magnetic monopoles is presented. The theory is generalized to nonadiabatic processes and to noncyclic Pancharatnam phases. Different systems are discussed including polarization optics, n-level atomic systems, neutron interferometry and molecular topological phases.Comment: Review article,72 pages, 186 reference

Industrial Drivers of Co-opetition Among Organizations: A Sector-Based Research Within the Context of Population Ecology Approach

28th Eurasia-Business-and-Economics-Society (EBES) Conference -- MAY 29-31, 2019 -- Coventry Univ, Ctr Financial & Corporate Integr, Coventry, ENGLANDCo-opetition is the term which defines a hybrid behavior comprising competition and cooperation concurrently. Co-opetition strategy extends the traditional rules of competition and collaboration strategies. In this paper, we aimed to explain the co-opetition relationship between rivals by using the assumptions of the population ecology approach. We have collected data from two industries having different levels of entrant and exiting rates to compare population-originated drivers of co-opetitive relationships. We have evaluated generally the effect of entering and exiting of rivals in the industry on co-opetition tendency of firms in both industries. To embody the assumptions of population ecology approach, we have used age, size, and niche width of organizations. By compassion two industries we found that there is no difference among industries for getting co-opetition against entering and exiting of rivals in the industry in general. Despite age and size of firms does not lead to difference among industries, niche width is important for the firms in construction sector for getting co-opetition.Eurasia Business & Econ Soc,Coventry Business Sch Trading Floo