How to select combination operators for fuzzy expert systems using CRI

A method to select combination operators for fuzzy expert systems using the Compositional Rule of Inference (CRI) is proposed. First, fuzzy inference processes based on CRI are classified into three categories in terms of their inference results: the Expansion Type Inference, the Reduction Type Inference, and Other Type Inferences. Further, implication operators under Sup-T composition are classified as the Expansion Type Operator, the Reduction Type Operator, and the Other Type Operators. Finally, the combination of rules or their consequences is investigated for inference processes based on CRI

Nucleon-to-pion transition distribution amplitudes and backward electroproduction of pions

Baryon to meson transition distribution amplitudes (TDAs), non-diagonal matrix elements of the nonlocal three quark operator between a nucleon and a meson state, extend the concept of generalized parton distributions. These non-perturbative objects which encode the information on three quark correlations inside the nucleon may be accessed experimentally in backward meson electroproduction reactions. We suggest a general framework for modelling nucleon to pion (pi N) TDAs employing the spectral representation for pi N TDAs in terms of quadruple distributions. The factorized Ansatz for quadruple distributions with input from the soft-pion theorem for pi N TDAs is proposed. It is to be complemented with a D-term like contribution from the nucleon exchange in the cross channel. We present our estimates of the unpolarized cross section and of the transverse target single spin asymmetry for backward pion electroproduction within the QCD collinear factorization approach in which the non-perturbative part of the amplitude involves pi N TDAs. The cross section is sizable enough to be studied in high luminosity experiments such as J-lab@12GeV and EIC.Comment: proceedings of QNP 2012, Sixth International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics, April 16-20, 2012, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, Franc

QCD description of backward vector meson hard electroproduction

We consider backward vector meson exclusive electroproduction off nucleons in the framework of collinear QCD factorization. Nucleon to vector meson transition distribution amplitudes arise as building blocks for the corresponding factorized amplitudes. In the near-backward kinematics, the suggested factorization mechanism results in the dominance of the transverse cross section of vector meson production ($\sigma_T \gg \sigma_L$) and in the characteristic $1/Q^8$-scaling behavior of the cross section. We evaluate nucleon to vector meson TDAs in the cross-channel nucleon exchange model and present estimates of the differential cross section for backward $\rho^0$, $\omega$ and $\phi$ meson production off protons. The resulting cross sections are shown to be measurable in the forthcoming JLab@12 GeV experiments.Comment: 37 pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl

One Hour of Chemical Demonstrations

This article describes a diverse set of chemistry demonstrations especially selected to encourage student interaction and to be easily transported. The demonstrations may be presented at a level that can be tailored to any audience– from very young children to high school students planning careers in science. An ideal environment is a small classroom with 20-30 students where everyone can take part in the discussion. Once the chemicals are prepared, the collection of demonstrations takes about ten minutes to set-up, and one hour (or less) to perform. Very little is needed at the visiting site, no more than a table and a pitcher of water. A single electrical outlet is useful, but not essential. In Table 2 th

The power of VNA-driven quasi-optics to sense group molecular action in condensed phase systems

© © 20xx IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.The authors would like to thank the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC, UK) for generous support (EP/1014845)

New results in exclusive hard reactions

Generalized Parton Distributions offer a new way to access the quark and gluon nucleon structure. We review recent progress in this domain, emphasizing the need to supplement the experimental study of DVCS by its crossed version, timelike Compton scattering (TCS), where data at high energy should appear thanks to the study of ultraperipheral collisions at the LHC. This will open the access to very low skewness quark and gluon GPDs. Our leading order estimates show that the factorization scale dependence of the amplitudes is quite high. This fact demands the understanding of higher order contributions with the hope that they will stabilize this scale dependence. The magnitudes of the NLO coefficient functions are not small and neither is the difference of the coefficient functions appearing respectively in the DVCS and TCS amplitudes. The conclusion is that extracting the universal GPDs from both TCS and DVCS reactions requires much care. We also describe the extension of the GPD concept to three quark operators and the relevance of their nucleon to meson matrix elements, namely the transition distribution amplitudes (TDAs) which factorize in hard exclusive pion electroproduction off a nucleon in the backward region and baryon-antibaryon annihilation into a pion and a lepton pair. We discuss the main properties of the TDAs.Comment: 4 pages, to be published in the proceedings of the 2011 Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics-HEP 2011, July 21-27, 2011, Grenoble, Rhone-Alpes, Franc

Exploring the nucleon structure through GPDs and TDAs in hard exclusive processes

Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) offer a new way to access the quark and gluon nucleon structure. We review recent progress in this domain, emphasizing the need to supplement the experimental study of deeply virtual Compton scattering by its crossed version, timelike Compton scattering. We also describe the extension of the GPD concept to three quark operators and the relevance of their nucleon to meson matrix elements, namely the transition distribution amplitudes (TDAs) which factorize in backward meson electroproduction and related processes. We discuss the main properties of the TDAs. \Comment: 8 pages; to be published in the proceedings of the conference "PHOTON 2011, International Conference on the Structure and the Interactions of the Photon ", Spa, Belgium, 22-27 Mai 201

Crossed channel analysis of quark and gluon generalized parton distributions with helicity flip

Quark and gluon helicity flip generalized parton distributions (GPDs) address the transversity quark and gluon structure of the nucleon. In order to construct a theoretically consistent parametrization of these hadronic matrix elements, we work out the set of combinations of those GPDs suitable for the ${\rm SO}(3)$ partial wave (PW) expansion in the cross-channel. This universal result will help to build up a flexible parametrization of these important hadronic non-perturbative quantities, using for instance the approaches based on the conformal PW expansion of GPDs such as the Mellin-Barnes integral or the dual parametrization techniques.Comment: 34 pages, 1 figure, 4 table