The effect of physical training in chronic heart failure

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenOBJECTIVE: Supervised cardiac rehabilitation programs have been offered to patients following myocardial infarct (MI), coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for many years. However, limited information is available on the usefulness of rehabilitation programs in chronic heart failure (CHF). The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcome of supervised physical training on CHF patients by measuring both central and peripheral factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prospective randomized study, including 43 patients with CHF, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II or III, mean age 68 years. After initial measurements of V02peak, 6 minute walk distance, muscle strength, plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), echocardiogram, measurements of pulmonary function and quality of life questionnaire, patients were randomized to either a training group (n=21) or a control group (n=22). The training group had supervised aerobic and resistance training program twice a week for five months. After the training program was completed, all measurements were repeated in both groups. RESULTS: No training related adverse events were reported. Significant improvement was found between groups in the six minute walk test (+37.1 m vs. +5.3 m, p=0.01), work load on the bicycle exercise test (+6.1W vs. +2.1 W, p=0.03), time on the bicycle exercise test (+41 s vs +0 s, p=0.02) and quadriceps muscle strength test (+2.8 kg vs +0.2 kg, 0.003). Quality of life factors that reflect exercise tolerance and general health, improved significantly in the training group compared to the control group. No other significant changes were found between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Supervised physical training as used in this study appears safe for CHF patients in NYHA class II or III. The improvement in functional capacity observed in the training group seems to be related more to increased muscle performance rather than central cardiovascular conditioning.Tilgangur: Hjartaendurhæfing hefur um langt skeið verið boðin sjúklingum eftir kransæðastíflu, kransæðahjáveituaðgerð og kransæðavíkkun. Hins vegar er minna vitað um gagnsemi endurhæfingar hjá hjartabiluðum sjúklingum enda var þeim um tíma ráðið frá líkamlegri áreynslu. Tilgangur þessarar rannsóknar var að meta áhrif hjartaendurhæfingar hjá sjúklingum með hjartabilun. Efniviður og aðferðir: Fjörutíu og þrír sjúklingar með hjartabilun af flokki II eða III samkvæmt New York Heart Association (NYHA) voru rannsakaðir. Upphafsmælingar voru þrekpróf með hámarkssúrefnisupptöku, sex mínútna göngupróf, vöðvastyrksmælingar, blóðmælingar á atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) og brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), útfallsbrot mælt með hjartaómskoðun, öndunarpróf (spirometria) og spurninga-listi um heilsutengd lífsgæði. Hópnum var síðan slembiraðað í tvo hópa, þjálfunarhóp (n=21) og viðmiðunarhóp (n=22). Þjálfunarhópurinn fékk hjartaendurhæfingu undir umsjá sjúkraþjálfara tvisvar í viku í 5 mánuði. Eftir að þjálfunartímabilinu lauk voru allar mælingar endurteknar í báðum hópunum. Niðurstöður: Engir fylgikvillar tengdir þjálfuninni komu fram. Þjálfunarhópurinn bætti sig meira í 6 mínútna gönguprófi (+37,1 m vs +5,3 m, p=0,01), hámarksálagi á þrekhjóli (+6,1 W vs +2,1 W, p=0,03), tímalengd á þrekhjóli (+41 s vs +0 s, p=0,02) og vöðvastyrk í quadriceps vöðva (+2,8 kg vs 0,2 kg, p=0,003) en viðmiðunarhópurinn. Þeir þættir heilsutengdra lífsgæða sem mældu áreynsluþol og almennt heilsufar bötnuðu marktækt meira í þjálfunarhópnum en viðmiðunarhópnum. Að öðru leyti var ekki munur á milli hópanna í mældum gildum. Ályktun: Hjartaendurhæfingin sem notuð var í þessari rannsókn virðist þolast vel hjá hjartabiluðum sjúklingum í NYHA flokki II og III. Ávinningurinn í áreynsluþoli sem mældist í þjálfunarhópnum virðist skýrast af auknum vöðvastyrk fremur en bættri starfsgetu hjarta og lungna

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Efst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkin

Epidemiology and association with outcomes of polypharmacy in patients undergoing surgery: retrospective, population-based cohort study

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of preoperative polypharmacy and the incidence of postoperative polypharmacy/hyper-polypharmacy in surgical patients and their association with adverse outcomes. METHODS: This was a retrospective, population-based cohort study among patients older than or equal to 18 years undergoing surgery at a university hospital between 2005 and 2018. Patients were categorized based on the number of medications: non-polypharmacy (fewer than 5); polypharmacy (5-9); and hyper-polypharmacy (greater than or equal to 10). The 30-day mortality, prolonged hospitalization (greater than or equal to 10 days), and incidence of readmission were compared between medication-use categories. RESULTS: Among 55 997 patients, the prevalence of preoperative polypharmacy was 32.3 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 33.5 to 34.3) and the prevalence of hyper-polypharmacy was 25.5 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 25.2 to 25.9). Thirty-day mortality was higher for patients exposed to preoperative hyper-polypharmacy (2.3 per cent) and preoperative polypharmacy (0.8 per cent) compared with those exposed to non-polypharmacy (0.6 per cent) (P < 0.001). The hazards ratio (HR) of long-term mortality was higher for patients exposed to hyper-polypharmacy (HR 1.32 (95 per cent c.i. 1.25 to 1.40)) and polypharmacy (HR 1.07 (95 per cent c.i. 1.01 to 1.14)) after adjustment for patient and procedural variables. The incidence of longer hospitalization (greater than or equal to 10 days) was higher for hyper-polypharmacy (11.3 per cent) and polypharmacy (6.3 per cent) compared with non-polypharmacy (4.1 per cent) (P < 0.001). The 30-day incidence of readmission was higher for patients exposed to hyper-polypharmacy (10.2 per cent) compared with polypharmacy (6.1 per cent) and non-polypharmacy (4.8 per cent) (P < 0.001). Among patients not exposed to polypharmacy, the incidence of new postoperative polypharmacy/hyper-polypharmacy was 33.4 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 32.8 to 34.1), and, for patients exposed to preoperative polypharmacy, the incidence of postoperative hyper-polypharmacy was 16.3 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 16.0 to 16.7). CONCLUSION: Preoperative polypharmacy and new postoperative polypharmacy/hyper-polypharmacy are common and associated with adverse outcomes. This highlights the need for increased emphasis on optimizing medication usage throughout the perioperative interval

Markerless motion capture: What clinician-scientists need to know right now

National Institutes of Health R37-HD037985 provided tuition and stipend support for NI’s work. NIH R01-AR072034 provided stipend support for HBS and tuition and stipend support for KDS’s work. NIH F31-AR078580 and Foundation for Physical Therapy Research PODS II Scholarship provided tuition and stipend support for EKA's work.Peer reviewe

Don’t Peak Too Early : Evidence for an ACL Injury Prevention Mechanism of the 11+ Program

Funding Information: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (award number R01AR072034). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. This work was also supported by grant R37-HD037985 from the National Institute of Health. This work was supported by the Ice-landic Research Fund, grant numbers 120410021, 903271305, 1203250031, and 185359051. Funding Information: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (award number R01AR072034). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. This work was also supported by grant R37-HD037985 from the National Institute of Health. This work was supported by the Icelandic Research Fund, grant numbers 120410021, 903271305, 1203250031, and 185359051. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, North American Sports Medicine Institute. All rights reserved.Background The 11+ program prevents anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in athletes through unknown mechanisms. Purpose The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of The 11+ intervention program, performed by female soccer players during a single season, on the frequency of Early Peaks during athletic tasks. Methods Three teams (69 players) of collegiate female soccer athletes (Divisions I and II) were recruited. Two teams (49 players) volunteered to perform The 11+ three times per week for one season (~22 weeks plus three weeks pre-season), and one team (20 players) served as controls. The athletes performed three repetitions of a cutting maneuver, side shuffle direction change, and forwards to backwards running direction change before and after the competitive season and were recorded using marker-based 3D motion capture. Knee valgus moment time series were calculated for each repetition with inverse kinematics and classified as either “Very Early Peak”, “Early Peak” or “other” using cluster analysis. The classification was based timing of the peak relative to the timing of ACL injuries. The effect of the intervention on the frequency of Very Early Peaks and Early Peaks was evaluated with a mixed Poisson regression controlling for the movement task and pre-season frequency. Results The 11+ intervention reduced the frequency of Early Peak knee valgus moment in one intervention team (coefficient =-1.16, p = 0.004), but not the other (coefficient =-0.01, p = 0.977). No effect was observed on the frequency of Very Early Peak knee valgus moment. Conclusions Reduced frequency of knee valgus moment Early Peak during athletic tasks may explain the mechanism by which The 11+ program decreases risk of ACL injury. Prospective studies with a much larger sample size are required to establish a link between Early Peak knee valgus moments and risk of ACL injury. Level of evidence 2b.Peer reviewe

Long-term outcome of surgical revascularisation in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction-a population based cohort study

© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery.BACKGROUND: Surgical revascularization is an established indication for patients with advanced coronary artery disease and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Long-term outcomes for these patients are not well defined. We studied the long-term outcomes of patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy who underwent surgical revascularization in a well-defined nationwide cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study on 2,005 patients that underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in Iceland between 2000-2016. Patients were catagorized into two groups based on their preoperative LVEF; LVEF ≤35% (n = 146, median LVEF 30%) and LVEF >35% (n = 1859, median LVEF 60%). Demographics and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), were compared between groups along with cardiac-specific and overall survival. Mean follow-up was 7.6 years. RESULTS: Demographics were similar in both groups regarding age, gender, and most cardiovascular risk factors. However, patients with LVEF ≤35% more often had diabetes, renal insufficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a previous history of myocardial infarction. Thirty-day mortality was four times higher (8% vs 2%, p < 0.001) in the LVEF ≤35%-group compared to controls. MACCE-free survival was 83% and 62% at 1 and 5 years for LVEF ≤35%-group compared to 94% and 82% for the control group. Overall survival was also significantly lower in the same groups, or 87% and 69% (p < 0.001) compared to 98% and 91% (p < 0.001), at 1 and 5 years respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A good long-term outcome after CABG can be expected for patients with reduced LVEF, however, their survival is still significantly inferior to patients with normal ventricular function.Peer reviewe

Self-rated health and socio-economic status among older adults in Northern Iceland

Publisher's version (útgefin grein)Little is known about self-rated health (SRH) of older people living in more remote and Arctic areas. Iceland is a high-income country with one of the lowest rates of income inequality in the world, which may influence SRH. The research aim was to study factors affecting SRH, in such a population living in Northern Iceland. Stratified random sample according to the place of residency, age and gender was used and data collected via face-to-face interviews. Inclusion criteria included community-dwelling adults ≥65 years of age. Response rate was 57.9% (N = 175), average age 74.2 (sd 6.3) years, range 65–92 years and 57% were men. The average number of diagnosed diseases was 1.5 (sd 1.3) and prescribed medications 3.0 (sd 1.7). SRH ranged from 5 (excellent) to 1 (bad), with an average of 3.26 (sd 1.0) and no difference between the place of residency. Lower SRH was independently explained by depressed mood (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.80–0.96), higher body mass index (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.87–0.99), number of prescribed medications (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.78–1.00) and perception of inadequate income (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.21–0.98). The results highlight the importance of physical and mental health promotion for general health and for ageing in place and significance of economic factors as predictors of SRH.This work was supported by the Háskólinn á Akureyri [R-1803]; Icelandic Regional Development Institute (Byggðastofnun) [102022].Peer Reviewe