232 research outputs found
StratĂ©gie et Ă©quipements de prĂ©vention vis-Ă -vis du gel de printemps et de la grĂȘle. Perspectives en lien avec les changements climatiques, projet ADVICLIM
Une grande partie du vignoble a Ă©tĂ© touchĂ©e par l'Ă©pisode de gel qui est intervenu sur plusieurs jours fin avril 2017 et qui a occasionnĂ© des dĂ©gĂąts pour de nombreuses rĂ©gions françaises y compris mĂ©ridionales, ainsi que d'autres pays de la zone Ouest de l'Europe (Angleterre, Allemagne, Italie, Suisse, etc.). Le gel, la grĂȘle et une sĂ©cheresse trĂšs marquĂ©e dans les zones mĂ©ridionales ont abouti Ă une baisse d'environ 10 millions d'hectolitres par rapport Ă 2016 ce qui correspond, par rapport Ă une moyenne dĂ©cennale, Ă une diminution de l'ordre de 18â%. En 2018, de nombreuses rĂ©gions viticoles France ont Ă©tĂ© touchĂ©es par la grĂȘle. Le projet CLIMFROST, financĂ© par France Agrimer, a pour objectif d'aider la profession viticole française Ă apprĂ©hender les risques de gel de printemps et de grĂȘle dans leur contexte local, afin d'adopter une stratĂ©gie (rĂ©serves climatiques, assurances, mesures agronomiques, techniques de protection) permettant de rĂ©duire l'impact financier direct et indirect. En complĂ©ment des aspects techniques, la communication a pour objectif de resituer ces phĂ©nomĂšnes climatiques extrĂȘmes dans la perspective des changements climatiques, en lien notamment avec le projet europĂ©en LIFE ADVICLIM www.adviclim.eu. Cette communication prĂ©sente une synthĂšse d'une plaquette «âalĂ©as climatiques de la vigne : grĂȘle, gel de printempsâ», tĂ©lĂ©chargeable sur le site www.vignevin.com
Learning influences host choice in tsetse
A learning capacity for feeding is described in many insect species including vectors of diseases, but has never been reported in tsetse flies (Diptera, Glossinidae), the cyclic vectors of human (sleeping sickness) and animal trypanosomoses in Africa. Repeated feeding on the same host species by a disease vector is likely to increase the within-species disease-transmission risk, but to decrease it between species
Barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake among resource-limited adults diagnosed with chronic illness
Background Despite the use of interventions (e.g., monetary incentives, educational campaigns, on-site workplace vaccination) to increase COVID-19 vaccination, differences in uptake persist by poverty level, insurance status, geography, race, and ethnicity, suggesting that these interventions may not be adequately addressing the barriers faced by these populations. Among a sample of resource-limited individuals with chronic illnesses, we (1) described the prevalence of different types of barriers to the COVID-19 vaccination and (2) identified associations between patients' sociodemographic characteristics and barriers to vaccination. Methods We surveyed a national sample of patients with chronic illness and demonstrated healthcare affordability and/or access challenges about barriers to COVID-19 vaccination in July 2021. We categorized participant responses into cost, transportation, informational, and attitudinal barrier domains and assessed the prevalence of each domain, both overall and by self-reported vaccination status. Using logistic regression models, we examined unadjusted and adjusted associations between respondent characteristics (sociodemographic, geographic, and healthcare access) and self-reported barriers to vaccination. Results Of 1,342 respondents in the analytic sample, 20% (264/1,342) reported informational barriers and 9% (126/1,342) reported attitudinal barriers to COVID-19 vaccination. Transportation and cost barriers were reported much less commonly, by only 1.1% (15/1,342) and 0.7% (10/1,342) of the sample, respectively. Controlling for all other characteristics, respondents with either a specialist as their usual source of care or no usual source of care had an 8.4 (95% CI: 1.7â15.1) and 18.1 (95% CI: 4.3â32.0) percentage point higher predicted probability, respectively, of reporting informational barriers to care. Compared to females, males had an 8.4% point (95% CI: 5.5â11.4) lower predicted probability of reporting attitudinal barriers. Only attitudinal barriers were associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake.ConclusionAmong a sample of adults with chronic illnesses who had received financial assistance and case management services from a national non-profit, informational and attitudinal barriers were more commonly reported than logistical or structural access barriers (i.e., transportation and cost barriers). Interventions should target attitudinal barriers among patients with chronic illness, who may have particular concerns about the interaction of the vaccine with ongoing medical care. Additionally, interventions targeting informational barriers are particularly needed among individuals without a usual source of care
Unexpected Rift Valley Fever Outbreak, Northern Mauritania
During SeptemberâOctober 2010, an unprecedented outbreak of Rift Valley fever was reported in the northern Sahelian region of Mauritania after exceptionally heavy rainfall. Camels probably played a central role in the local amplification of the virus. We describe the main clinical signs (hemorrhagic fever, icterus, and nervous symptoms) observed during the outbreak
Decompression for Chiari malformation type II in individuals with myelomeningocele in the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of decompression for Chiari malformation type II in individuals with myelomeningocele in the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry (NSBPR). In addition, the authors explored the variation in rates of Chiari II decompression across NSBPR institutions, examined the relationship between Chiari II decompression and functional lesion level of the myelomeningocele, age, and need for tracheostomy, and they evaluated for temporal trends in rates of Chiari II decompression.
Methods:
The authors queried the NSBPR to identify all individuals with myelomeningocele between 2009 and 2015. Among these patients, they identified individuals who had undergone at least 1 Chiari II decompression as well as those who had undergone tracheostomy. For each participating NSBPR institution, the authors calculated the proportion of patients enrolled at that site who underwent Chiari II decompression. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the relationship between Chiari II decompression, functional lesion level, age at decompression, and history of tracheostomy.
Results:
Of 4448 individuals with myelomeningocele identified from 26 institutions, 407 (9.15%) had undergone at least 1 Chiari II decompression. Fifty-one patients had undergone tracheostomy. Logistic regression demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between Chiari II decompression and functional lesion level of the myelomeningocele, with a more rostral lesion level associated with a higher likelihood of posterior fossa decompression. Similarly, children born before 2005 and those with history of tracheostomy had a significantly higher likelihood of Chiari II decompression. There was no association between functional lesion level and need for tracheostomy. However, among those children who underwent Chiari II decompression, the likelihood of also undergoing tracheostomy increased significantly with younger age at decompression.
Conclusions:
The rate of Chiari II decompression in patients with myelomeningocele in the NSBPR is consistent with that in previously published literature. There is a significant relationship between Chiari II decompression and functional lesion level of the myelomeningocele, which has not previously been reported. Younger children who undergo Chiari II decompression are more likely to have undergone tracheostomy. There appears to be a shift away from Chiari II decompression, as children born before 2005 were more likely to undergo Chiari II decompression than those born in 2005 or later
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