Fourier-based Function Secret Sharing with General Access Structure

Function secret sharing (FSS) scheme is a mechanism that calculates a function f(x) for x in {0,1}^n which is shared among p parties, by using distributed functions f_i:{0,1}^n -> G, where G is an Abelian group, while the function f:{0,1}^n -> G is kept secret to the parties. Ohsawa et al. in 2017 observed that any function f can be described as a linear combination of the basis functions by regarding the function space as a vector space of dimension 2^n and gave new FSS schemes based on the Fourier basis. All existing FSS schemes are of (p,p)-threshold type. That is, to compute f(x), we have to collect f_i(x) for all the distributed functions. In this paper, as in the secret sharing schemes, we consider FSS schemes with any general access structure. To do this, we observe that Fourier-based FSS schemes by Ohsawa et al. are compatible with linear secret sharing scheme. By incorporating the techniques of linear secret sharing with any general access structure into the Fourier-based FSS schemes, we show Fourier-based FSS schemes with any general access structure.Comment: 12 page

Diabetes mellitus and the eye: axial length

Background and aims: The refractive error of the eye is dependent on its axial length. Refractive error is known to fluctuate significantly in poorly controlled diabetic patients. Recently it has been reported that human eyes fluctuate in axial length during the day. However, this change is not detectable in all subjects, suggesting physiological influences such as diet. The purpose of this study was to investigate fluctuations in axial length and blood glucose levels (BGLs) in diabetic patients and control subjects, using partial coherence interferometry. Material and methods: Periodic axial length measurements were taken with an IOLMaster (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) in 21 type 2 diabetic subjects (age 56 ± 11 years), 19 type 1 diabetic subjects (age 38 ± 15 years) and 18 non-diabetic controls (age 46 ± 22 years). Additionally, BGLs were measured using a HemoCue Beta glucose analyser (HemoCue, Ängelholm, Sweden). Measurements were taken between 8AM and 8PM at approximately two hourly intervals. The ocular length variability was mapped against time of day and related to BGLs, age, and the degree of diabetic retinopathy. Results: Axial length variations were found to be significant with time (ANOVA, P=.003) and there was a significant effect for the interaction between group and time of day (ANOVA, P.05) Conclusion: Axial length varies throughout the day in diabetic and control subjects; however, this change does not appear to be significant in every individual. The data suggest a maximum axial length value in the afternoon. Changes in axial length from baseline did not correlate with BGLs, age, or the degree of diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, blood glucose levels may not be the main physiological influence in axial length fluctuations

The Role of State Boredom, State of Fear of Missing Out and State Loneliness in State Phubbing

The term “phubbing” describes individuals’ engagement with their smartphones during face-to-face conversations. Because some scholars treated phubbing as a trait experience, the predictors they investigated to explain this behavior have also been trait predictors. This paper reports on a study that used the state phubbing scale, which took into account both the fleeting and the psychological properties of this behavior, and applied a set of state predictors that perceived phubbing as a state experience (state boredom, state of fear of missing out and state loneliness). Data was collected using an online survey. The results from the multiple regression analysis revealed that the state of fear of missing out was a stronger predictor of state phubbing with state boredom also predicting state phubbing to a lesser extent. State loneliness didn’t predict this behaviour. Understanding the immediate predictors of phubbing is important, considering the negative effects of this behavior on offline relationships

An Investigation Of The Erosion In New Major Innovation Characteristics Over Time

A recent study by ODonnell and Sauer (2008) indicated, that over time, the benefit of launching new majors to reduce freshman attrition dissipated. In 2004, new majors had a significant effect on reducing attrition. By 2007, however, these same new majors were no longer significant predictors of attrition. What happened between 2004 and 2007 to cause this erosion in the affect of new majors on attrition? In this study, we examine the differences in perceptions of the innovative characteristics in an effort to explain why this erosion might have occurred. Results of a two-way between subjects ANOVA reveals that new majors began to be perceived as similar to old majors along certain dimensions of innovative characteristics. In particular, differences in the prospects of getting a better job, the perception that the new major was easier, hearing from others that new majors offered better job prospects and that employers preferred new majors, and that new majors were less compatible with student needs and goals, all disappeared by 2007. Nevertheless, new majors were still perceived as requiring more prerequisites, being more likely to require an extra course, and as not being offered at other area colleges and universities relative to old majors. This article discusses the impact and consequences of these findings and proposes future research to be pursued

Elementary analysis of the special relativistic combination of velocities, Wigner rotation, and Thomas precession

The purpose of this paper is to provide an elementary introduction to the qualitative and quantitative results of velocity combination in special relativity, including the Wigner rotation and Thomas precession. We utilize only the most familiar tools of special relativity, in arguments presented at three differing levels: (1) utterly elementary, which will suit a first course in relativity; (2) intermediate, to suit a second course; and (3) advanced, to suit higher level students. We then give a summary of useful results, and suggest further reading in this often obscure field.Comment: V1: 25 pages, 6 figures; V2: 22 pages, 5 figures. The revised version is shortened and the arguments streamlined. Minor changes in notation and figures. This version matches the published versio

First principles calculation of uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and magnetostriction in strained CMR films

We performed first - principles relativistic full-potential linearized augmented plane wave calculations for strained tetragonal ferromagnetic La(Ba)MnO$_3$ with an assumed experimental structure of thin strained tetragonal La$_{0.67}$Ca$_{0.33}$MnO$_3$ (LCMO) films grown on SrTiO$_3$[001] and LaAlO$_3$[001] substrates. The calculated uniaxial magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) values, are in good quantitative agreement with experiment for LCMO films on SrTiO$_3$ substrate. We also analyze the applicability of linear magnetoelastic theory for describing the stain dependence of MAE, and estimate magnetostriction coefficient $\lambda_{001}$.Comment: Talk given at APS99 Meeting, Atlanta, 199

Diurnal Refractive Error Fluctuations in Diabetic and Control Subjects

Purpose: Refractive error has been shown to fluctuate in poorly controlled diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to measure acute diurnal fluctuations in refractive error and blood glucose levels (BGLs) in diabetic and control subjects. Methods: Twenty-one type 2 diabetic subjects (age 56 ± 11 years), 20 type 1 diabetic subjects (age 38 ± 15 years) and 20 non-diabetic controls (age 49 ± 23 years) took part in the study. Refractive error was measured with an OPD ARK-10000 autorefractometer (Nidek) and BGLs were measured using a finger stick test (Hemocue). All measurements were taken six times during the day, between 8AM and 8PM at approximately twohourly intervals. Using power vector analysis the variability in refractive error was mapped against time of day and related to BGLs, HbA1c, diabetic status and duration of disease. Results: Refractive error was similar between groups (p=0.96) and did not fluctuate significantly during the day in any of the three groups (ANOVA p>0.05). The mean ± SD values for BGLs during the day were 10.4 ± 4.40mM/l in DM type 2, 10.3 ± 5.30mM/l in DM type 1, and 5.4 ± 1.04mM/l in control subjects. BGLs changed significantly during the day and between groups (ANOVA p0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that neither BGLs, HbA1c, diabetic status, nor duration of disease had a significant effect on diurnal refractive error measurements. (p>0.05). Conclusions: Diurnal changes in BGLs do not result in significant acute refractive error fluctuations in diabetic patients, as measured with an autorefractometer. CR: C. O’Donnell, None; H. Workman, None; S.L. Hosking, None; B. Huntjens, None. Support: Supported by a PhD studentship from Lein Applied Diagnostics Ltd

Dyspnea affective response: comparing COPD patients with healthy volunteers and laboratory model with activities of daily living

Background: Laboratory-induced dyspnea (breathing discomfort) in healthy subjects is widely used to study perceptual mechanisms, yet the relationship between laboratory-induced dyspnea in healthy volunteers and spontaneous dyspnea in patients with chronic lung disease is not well established. We compared affective responses to dyspnea 1) in COPD patients vs. healthy volunteers (HV) undergoing the same laboratory stimulus; 2) in COPD during laboratory dyspnea vs. during activities of daily living (ADL). Methods: We induced moderate and high dyspnea levels in 13 COPD patients and 12 HV by increasing end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) during restricted ventilation, evoking air hunger. We used the multidimensional dyspnea profile (MDP) to measure intensity of sensory qualities (e.g., air hunger (AH) and work/effort (W/E)) as well as immediate discomfort (A1) and secondary emotions (A2). Ten of the COPD subjects also completed the MDP outside the laboratory following dyspnea evoked by ADL. Results: COPD patients and HV reported similar levels of immediate discomfort relative to sensory intensity. COPD patients and HV reported anxiety and frustration during laboratory-induced dyspnea; variation among individuals far outweighed the small differences between subject groups. COPD patients reported similar intensities of sensory qualities, discomfort, and emotions during ADL vs. during moderate laboratory dyspnea. Patients with COPD described limiting ADL to avoid greater dyspnea. Conclusions: In this pilot study, we found no evidence that a history of COPD alters the affective response to laboratory-induced dyspnea, and no difference in affective response between dyspnea evoked by this laboratory model and dyspnea evoked by ADL