Light-scattering properties of microorganisms Desulfuromonas acetoxidans by influence of silver

The article deals with the concentration changes and relative content of bacterial cells of Desulfuromonas acetoxidans in the intervals of sizes 0.2–2.0 µm under the influence of nano silver particles. Correlation between these changes of light-scattering properties of bacterial cells and growth abilities of bacteria Desulfuromonas acetoxidans under inflence of silver nanoparticles and ions has been shown. The purpose of the work was to research the intensity of processes the change of indexes of the antioxidant system the cells of Desulfuromonas acetoxidans at influence of silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate. The influence of various concentrations of silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate on enzymatic activity of catalase and reduced glutathione synthesis by Desulfuromonas аcetoxidans cells under their cultivation with fumarate addition and with absence of sulphur has been determined. Specific catalase activity increased with enhancing of concentration and duration of bacterial cultivation under the addition of this salt. The highest specific catalase activity was determined on the second day of bacterial growth under the influence of all concentration range of investigated metal salt. The reduced glutathione content under silver nitrate and silver nanoparticles exposure varied depending on the cultivation time and metal concentration. The maximum reduced glutathione content has been observed. The result of catalase activity changes  and glutathione content changes of sulfur-reducing D. acetoxidans bacteria cell-free extracts and has been investigated under the influence of different concentrations of Ag nanoparticles during four days of cultivation has been investigated

Coupled climate model simulations of Mediterranean winter cyclones and large-scale flow patterns

The study aims to evaluate the ability of global, coupled climate models to reproduce the synoptic regime of the Mediterranean Basin. The output of simulations of the 9 models included in the IPCC CMIP3 effort is compared to the NCEP-NCAR reanalyzed data for the period 1961–1990. The study examined the spatial distribution of cyclone occurrence, the mean Mediterranean upper- and lower-level troughs, the inter-annual variation and trend in the occurrence of the Mediterranean cyclones, and the main large-scale circulation patterns, represented by rotated EOFs of 500 hPa and sea level pressure. The models reproduce successfully the two maxima in cyclone density in the Mediterranean and their locations, the location of the average upper- and lower-level troughs, the relative inter-annual variation in cyclone occurrences and the structure of the four leading large scale EOFs. The main discrepancy is the models' underestimation of the cyclone density in the Mediterranean, especially in its western part. The models' skill in reproducing the cyclone distribution is found correlated with their spatial resolution, especially in the vertical. The current improvement in model spatial resolution suggests that their ability to reproduce the Mediterranean cyclones would be improved as well

Comparative assessment of various methods of studying the skin toxicity of a wound-healing drug

The article presents the results of studying the subacute skin toxicity of a wound-healing cream based on betamethasone dipropionate, gentamicin sulfate, and clotrimazole. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD No. 410), the research was conducted using the classic method. When studying the effect of a wound-healing agent on the body of animals during long-term 28-day dermal application by the classical method in animals of the I, II, and III experimental groups, which received the drug in a dose of 0.5, 2.5, and 5 ml/kg body weight; respectively no significant changes were found in the body weight of the animals and the weight coefficients of the liver, heart, spleen, kidneys, and lungs. At the same time, in the animals of the II and III research groups, a slight increase in the concentration of hemoglobin was noted, respectively, by 1.3 and 3.9 %, the level of urea – 5.3 and 11.2 %, the activity of AST – 9.8 and 14.9 % compared to the indicators of animals of the control group. In these groups, there was a decrease in total protein concentration by 5.5 and 6.8 %, creatinine level by 3.1 and 5.3 %, and ALT activity by 6.5 and 9.7 %. The studies conducted according to the OECD No. 410 make it possible to obtain more informative data on the toxic effect of the investigated agent. In particular, it was established that the use of the researched drug in animals of the I, II, and III experimental groups caused a decrease in the weight coefficients of the spleen mass, respectively, by 19.1 (Р < 0.05), 22.4 (Р < 0.05) and 28.3 % (P < 0.05), hearts – 3.6, 4.6 and 7.7 %, kidneys – 4.9, 6.5 and 10.4 % and animal body weight – 4.5, 5.4 and 6.4 %, hemoglobin concentrations – 2.6, 2.9 and 4.4 %, leukocyte counts – 21.4, 16.1 and 15.1 %, hematocrit values – 1.9, 3, 6 and 4.0 %. The average hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte (MSN) also decreased by 8.3, 6.9, and 5.1 %, and the average erythrocyte (MCV) volume was 5.0, 4.7, and 1.7 %. In addition, an increase in weight coefficients of liver mass was established by 10.8 (P < 0.05), 11.8 (P < 0.05), and 15.6 % (P < 0.05). When studying the effect of the researched agent during 28-day dermal application on biochemical indicators of blood serum in animals of the first experimental group, a decrease in the concentration of total protein by 5.8 % was established. Under these conditions, an increase in creatinine level, urea level, ALT, and AST was established, respectively, by 6.2, 18.8 (P < 0.05), 3.8, and 14.7 % (P < 0.05). It should be noted that the use of the researched product in animals of the II and III experimental groups caused an increase in the level of urea, respectively, by 28.6 and 35.7 % (Р < 0.05), creatinine by 8.4 and 3.5 %, AST – 16.4 (P < 0.05) and 11.3 % and the activity of ALT – 8.5 and 11.0 %

Low-frequency climate variability in the Atlantic basin during the 20th century

From joint sea surface temperature/sea level pressure (SST/SLP) EOF analyses, lowfrequency variability modes are compared. The multi-decadal oscillation (MDO) changed phases twice during the 20th century, with its north Atlantic SST patterns resembling the Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation (AMO). The quasi-decadal oscillation (QDO) SST patterns displayed a double tripole configuration over the entire Atlantic basin, leading to tropical inter-hemispheric out-of-phase relationship. From the mid-1960s onward, while ST anomalies were negative to the north (negative phases of MDO/AMO), the Sahelian drought persisted with a weaker hurricane power dissipation index (PDI). During that period, the QDO modulated the intensity of the Sahelian drought

HITS: Hurricane Intensity and Track Simulator with North Atlantic Ocean Applications for Risk Assessment

A nonparametric stochastic model is developed and tested for the simulation of tropical cyclone tracks. Tropical cyclone tracks demonstrate continuity and memory over many time and space steps. Clusters of tracks can be coherent, and the separation between clusters may be marked by geographical locations where groups of tracks diverge as a result of the physics of the underlying process. Consequently, their evolution may be non-Markovian. Markovian simulation models, as are often used, may produce tracks that potentially diverge or lose memory quicker than happens in nature. This is addressed here through a model that simulates tracks by randomly sampling track segments of varying length, selected from historical tracks. For performance evaluation, a spatial grid is imposed on the domain of interest. For each grid box, long-term tropical cyclone risk is assessed through the annual probability distributions of the number of storm hours, landfalls, winds, and other statistics. Total storm length is determined at birth by local distribution, and movement to other tropical cyclone segments by distance to neighbor tracks, comparative vector, and age of track. The model is also applied to the conditional simulation of hurricane tracks from specific positions for hurricanes that were not included in the model fitting so as to see whether the probabilistic coverage intervals properly cover the subsequent track. Consequently, tests of both the long-term probability distributions of hurricane landfall and of event simulations from the model are provided

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА МЕХАНІЗМУ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ТУРИСТИЧНОЮ ГАЛУЗЗЮ

The article, on the basis of scientific approaches and current Ukrainian legislation, defines the content of the mechanism of state administration of the tourism industry. The characteristic of the constituent elements of the management mechanism in the field of such as: objects, subjects, tools, methods and forms of management, organizational, informational, personnel, scientific, methodological and material and technical support has been carried out. The authors proposed a generalized structure of the mechanism of state management of the tourism industry, which served as the basis for the construction of a modern mechanism of public administration of the tourism industry of Ukraine. Such a mechanism is a set of tools, forms and methods of purposeful influence of public authorities on the development of objects of the tourism industry. It creates the conditions for effective cooperation of state authorities, local government and the private sector in the development of tourism and allows you to create systemic bases of development in accordancewith the objectives, available resources, and management requirements. The use of the mechanism implies a significant increase in the level of efficiency of tourism management in Ukraine.В статье, на основе научных подходов и действующего украинского законодательства, определено содержание механизма государственного управления туристической отраслью. Проведено характеристику составляющих элементов механизма управления в области таких, как: объекты, субъекты, инструменты, методы и формы управления, организационное, информационное, кадровое, научно-методическое и материально-техническое обеспечение. Авторами предложено обобщенную структуру механизма государственного управления туристической отраслью, которая послужила основой для построения современного механизма государственного управления туристической отраслью Украины. Такой механизм представляет собой совокупность инструментов, форм и методов целенаправленного воздействия органов государственной власти на развитие объектов туристической отрасли. Он создает условия для эффективного сотрудничества органов государственной власти, местного самоуправления и частного сектора по развитию туризма и позволяет сформировать системные основы развития отрясли в соответствии с поставленными целями, имеющимся ресурсным обеспечением, управленческих требований. Использование механизм предполагает существенное повышение уровня эффективности управления туризмом в Украине.В статті визначено зміст механізму державного управління туристичною галуззю, проведена характеристика його складових елементів: об’єкт, суб’єкт, інструменти, методи та форми управління, організаційне, інформаційне, кадрове, науково-методичне та матеріально-технічне забезпечення

НELICOBACTER РYLORI–АСОЦІЙОВАНІ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯ У СУЧАСНОМУ СТУДЕНТСЬКОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ УКРАЇНИ

182 students of Kryvyi Rih higher educational institutions have been surveyed with the purpose of exposure of diges­tive tract diseases and prevalence of the Helicobacter pylori infecting. The high frequency of digestive pathology and Helicobacter infecting have been revealed, as well as the presence of the modified ulcerogenesis factors (smoking, failure to observe of the mode of day, feed in public places, residence density, heredity, psychoemotional overstrain). The conduction of in-depth survey with H. pylori infection diagnostics seems to be rational for the stu­dents with gastro-duodenal complaints and non-specific ulcerogenesis factors.Обстежено 182 студенти криворізьких вузів із метою виявлення у них захворювань органів шлунково-кишкового тракту та поширеності гелікобактерного інфікування. Констатовано високу частоту патології органів шлунково-кишкового тракту, гелікобактерного інфікування, а також наявність модифікуючих факторів ульцерогенезу (куріння, недотримання режиму дня та режиму харчування, спадковість, стреси). Рекомендовано при наявності диспептичного синдрому та неспецифічних факторів ульцерогенезу в студентів проводити детальне обстеження з діагностикою Helicobacter pylori