The Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Later Sexual Violence Perpetration Among Male College Students: A Moderated Mediation Model

Sexual violence (SV) is a significant public health problem in the United States, specifically among undergraduate college students. Experiencing adverse childhood experiences or ACEs is also a significant public health problem and may act as a potential risk factor for perpetrating SV later in life. This study investigated whether ACEs was associated with an increased likelihood of SV perpetration, and whether several other risk factors for SV perpetration (hypermasculinity, hostility towards women, and binge drinking) acted as mediators between the relation between ACEs and later SV perpetration in adulthood. This study also tested whether perceptions of social norms moderated these relationships in male undergraduate students. Secondary data was drawn from the Freshman of Georgia study (FoG), a longitudinal CDC-funded study. A total of 1,144 male college freshmen enrolled at one of 30 participating colleges and universities in Georgia were included in this study via online survey completion. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.4 software through SAS Studio University Edition. Three separate moderated mediation analyses were conducted via Hayes PROCESS macro model 14. Results showed that hypermasculinity and binge drinking mediated the relationship between ACEs and later SV perpetration, and also that perception of social norms was a significant moderator. These findings contribute to the growing body of literature surrounding SV perpetration and provide further understanding of the ACEs – SV perpetration relationship among male college students. SV prevention and education programming for this population should target the modifiable SV perpetration risk factors of hypermasculinity, binge drinking, and perceptions of social norms

New validated rp-hplc method for simultaneous estimation of lamivudine and tenofovir disproxil fumarate in tablets

A simple, specific and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of Lamivudine and Tenofovir disproxil fumarate in tablets. Quantification was achieved by using a reverse-phase C18 column (Inertsil ODS 3V, 250 mm x 4.6 mm; 5) at 31 o C. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 55:45 v/v at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The retention times of Lamivudine and Tenofovir disproxil fumarate were found to be 2.430 min and 4.550 min respectively. The developed method was validated as per ICH Guidelines for linearity, accuracy, precision, detection limit, quantification limit, ruggedness, robustness, specificity and system suitability. The percentage recoveries for both of the drugs from their tablets were found to be 98.48 % and 98.64 % respectively. The method may successfully be employed for the simultaneous determination of Lamivudine and Tenofovir disproxil fumarate in pharmaceutical tablet dosage forms

Numerical Simulation for Solving Fractional Riccati and Logistic Differential Equations as a Difference Equation

In this paper, we introduce a numerical treatment using the generalized Euler method (GEM) for the fractional (Caputo sense) Riccati and Logistic differential equations. In the proposed method, we invert the given model as a difference equation. We compare our numerical solutions with the exact solution and with those numerical solutions using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method (RK4). The obtained numerical results of the two proposed problem models show the simplicity and efficiency of the proposed method

N-(4-Cyano­phen­yl)-2,6-difluoro­benzamide

In the title compound, C14H8F2N2O, the amide plane is inclined at dihedral angles of 28.12 (12) and 32.89 (12)° with respect to the two benzene rings; the dihedral angle between the two rings is 5.58 (5)°. In the crystal, inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯F hydrogen bonds link adjacent mol­ecules into a double-chain structure along the b axis

2-(3-Oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzo­thia­zin-4-yl)acetic acid monohydrate

In the title compound, C10H9NO3S·H2O, the thio­morpholine ring exists in a conformation inter­mediate between twist-boat and half-chair. An inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond links the acid and water mol­ecules together. In the crystal packing, inter­molecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into a three-dimensional network

Modulation of catalytic activity in multi-domain protein tyrosine phosphatases

Signaling mechanisms involving protein tyrosine phosphatases govern several cellular and developmental processes. These enzymes are regulated by several mechanisms which include variation in the catalytic turnover rate based on redox stimuli, subcellular localization or protein-protein interactions. In the case of Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (RPTPs) containing two PTP domains, phosphatase activity is localized in their membrane-proximal (D1) domains, while the membrane-distal (D2) domain is believed to play a modulatory role. Here we report our analysis of the influence of the D2 domain on the catalytic activity and substrate specificity of the D1 domain using two Drosophila melanogaster RPTPs as a model system. Biochemical studies reveal contrasting roles for the D2 domain of Drosophila Leukocyte antigen Related (DLAR) and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase on Drosophila chromosome band 99A (PTP99A). While D2 lowers the catalytic activity of the D1 domain in DLAR, the D2 domain of PTP99A leads to an increase in the catalytic activity of its D1 domain. Substrate specificity, on the other hand, is cumulative, whereby the individual specificities of the D1 and D2 domains contribute to the substrate specificity of these two-domain enzymes. Molecular dynamics simulations on structural models of DLAR and PTP99A reveal a conformational rationale for the experimental observations. These studies reveal that concerted structural changes mediate inter-domain communication resulting in either inhibitory or activating effects of the membrane distal PTP domain on the catalytic activity of the membrane proximal PTP domain

Effect of Newtonian and non-Newtonian flow in subject specific carotid artery

Advances in the numerical simulation techniques has immensely helped in the demonstrating the importance of blood flow through elastic arteries and evaluating the disease progression and flow dynamics of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. The present work deals with a case study of a patient diagnosed with partial narrowing of entire cervical segment of Internal Carotid Artery (ICA), while Common Carotid Artery (CCA) and External Carotid Artery (ECA) appears to be normal. Subject specific 3D carotid bifurcation CAD model is generated based on CT-angio scan data using MIMICS-14.0 and numerical analysis is performed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in ANSYS-CFX-14.0. Pulsatile blood flow through the subject-specific artery is investigated to study the influence of rheology on the haemodynamics in the blood flow. The simulation results obtained through Carreau-Yasuda and Newtonian models are investigated. Flow behaviour observed during peak systole exhibits significant difference in the spatial parameters between both the Newtonian and nonNewtonians models. The comparison of local shear stress magnitude in CCA, ICA and ECA demonstrates that WSS is highly influenced by the shear thinning property of blood. This variation is also observed artery branches with reduced lumen diameter, lumen narrowing due to stenosis and in the bifurcation zone