Educational robotics as an Innovative teaching practice using technology: minimization of risks

This research is focused on studying educational robotics, specifically robots which provide functions of educational activity. We have considered the questions of intelligent agents' behavior and have studied their educational opportunities. Educational robotics is a powerful tool of developing person's skills and abilities in various fields of technical creativity and professional activity. The evolutionary development of robotics is connected with development of artificial intelligence, where emotions play a great role in operations. Nowadays the main thing is to form the ability and skills of optimum interaction with social environment when a person, based on gained knowledge, is capable to put goals of the activity in strict accordance with laws and society conditions and using current technology

Spectroscopie photoassociative des états moléculaires à longue distance de 87^{87}Rb. Analyse Lu-Fano et amélioration de la formule de Le Roy-Bernstein

Nous avons étudié la photoassociation de $^{87}$Rb sous la limite 5S$_{1/2}+5{\rm P}_{1/2}$ (D$_{1}$), par spectroscopie de pertes d'atomes froids. Les spectres montrent les progressions vibrationnelles des trois séries d'états moléculaires attractifs $0_{\rm g}^{-}$, $0_{\rm u}^{+}$ et $1_{\rm g}$ convergents vers la limite $5{\rm S}_{1/2}+5{\rm P}_{1/2}$. L'analyse de nos données utilise l'approche de Lu-Fano associé au modèle de LeRoy-Bernstein. Pour la série $0_{\rm g}^{-}$, cette approche met en évidence un écart au modèle. Une amélioration de la formule de LeRoy-Bernstein permet de rendre compte des mesures expérimentales. Pour la série $0_{\rm u}^{+}({\rm P}_{1/2})$ avec la même méthode, on montre le couplage avec la série $0_{\rm u}^{+}({\rm P}_{3/2})$

ATP in the tumour microenvironment drives expression of nfP2X7, a key mediator of cancer cell survival

The ATP-gated receptor P2X7 is expressed in multiple malignant tumours including neuroblastoma, melanoma, prostate, lung and breast. P2X7 has a significant role in mediating diverse cell responses, which upon dysregulation are associated with tumour initiation and development. The rapid, ATP-mediated activation of P2X7 induces a fast-inward cation current in cells. However, prolonged ATP-mediated activation of P2X7 leads to formation of a pore that increases membrane permeability and eventually causes cell death. This presents a potential paradox, as the tumour microenvironment contains extracellular ATP at levels sufficient to activate the P2X7 pore and trigger cell death. However, P2X7 expression is associated with enhanced cancer cell survival, proliferation and metastatic potential. At least one distinct conformational form of P2X7, termed non-pore functional P2X7 (nfP2X7), has been described, which is not able to form a functional pore. We demonstrate for the first time in this study that exposure to a high ATP concentration, equivalent to those measured in the tumour microenvironment, drives nfP2X7 expression and also that nfP2X7 is essential for tumour cell survival. We show that monoclonal antibodies raised against a P2X7 amino acid sequence (200-216), whose conformation is distinct from that of wild-type (WT) P2X7, bind specifically to nfP2X7 expressed on the surface of tumour cells. We also show that nfP2X7 is broadly expressed in patient-derived tumour sections from a wide range of cancers. Therefore, antibodies raised against E200 provide tools that can differentiate between forms of the P2X7 receptor that have a key role in cancer