Formulation and Evaluation of Sustained Release Ocular Drug Delivery System for an Anti-Glaucoma Drug

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HPLC Method Development and Quantitation for Pharmaceutical Compounds

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Electroforming free high resistance resistive switching of graphene oxide modified polar-PVDF

Future nanoelectronics for nonvolatile memory elements require novel materials and devices that can switch logic states with a low power consumption, minimum heat dissipation, high-circuit density, fast switching speed, large endurance and long charge retention period. Herein, we report novel high resistance resistive switching in a polar beta-polyvinylidene fluoride (beta-PVDF) and graphene oxide (GO) composite. A high resistance switching ratio was achieved without the realization of the essential current-filament forming condition mainly responsible for switching the device from high to low resistance states. beta-PVDF is a well known ferroelectric/piezoelectric material which changes shape and size after application of an external electric field. We propose a model which describes how the present beta-PVDF-GO composite changes shape after application of an external electric field (E) which provides a favorable environment for the formation of the current linkage path of GO in the PVDF matrix. The applied positive SET electric fields (+E) switch the composite from a high to a low resistance state, which further re-switches from a low to a high resistance state under negative RE-SET electric fields (-E). The positive and negative E-fields are responsible for the contraction and expansion of beta-PVDF, respectively, redox reactions between GO and adsorbed water, oxygen migrations, and/or metal diffusion from the electrode to the beta-PVDF-GO matrix. The above mentioned characteristics of the composite allows switching from one high resistance state to another high resistance state. The switching current lies below the range of 10-100 mu A with an exceptionally high switching ratio, which meets one of the prerequisite criteria of low power nanoelectronics memristors

Characteristics of Fatal Cases of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) from September 2009 to January 2010 in Saurashtra Region, India

Background: India reported first case of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in May, 2009 and Saurashtra region in August, 2009. We describe the characteristics of fatal cases of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection reported in Saurashtra region. Methods: From September, 2009 to January, 2010, we observed 71 fatal cases that were infected with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus and admitted in different hospitals in Rajkot city. Real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) testing was used to confirm infection; the clinico-epidemiological features were observed and documented. Results: Median age of the deceased (71) was 29 years, and 57.7% were females. Median time observed was 5 days from onset of illness to diagnosis of influenza A (H1N1), and 57.7% were referred from general practitioner (OR=0.42, CI=0.24-0.74). Median hospital stay reported was 3 days. All admitted patients received oseltamivir, but only 16.9% received it within 2 days of onset of illness. The most common symptoms were cough (97.2%), fever (93%), sore throat and shortness of breath. Co-morbid conditions were present in almost half of the patients who ultimately died, the most common of which was pregnancy (OR=0.15, CI=0.04-0.52). Radiological pneumonia was reported in 98% patients. Conclusion: Residing in urban area, delayed referral from general practitioner, presence of co-existing condition, especially pregnancy was responsible for mortality among influenza A (H1N1) infected positive

Feasibility or Experiment on Working Model of Self Balancing Vehicle

The invention discloses a small-sized self-balancing scooter. The small-sized self-balancing scooter comprises a platform, two wheels arranged on the two sides of the platform correspondingly, and a direction control rod arranged on the platform. The small-sized self-balancing scooter further comprises two pedals arranged on the outer sides of the two wheels correspondingly. The pedals are connected with the small-sized self-balancing scooter through hinges. When the small-sized self-balancing scooter is in a non-riding state, the pedals on the outer sides of the wheels can be turned and folded through the hinges, so that the dimension of the scooter in the length direction is greatly reduced. Therefore, the size of the small-sized self-balancing scooter is reduced, and the small-sized self-balancing scooter can be conveniently carried by riders. Meanwhile, tires of the small-sized self-balancing scooter are arranged in a splayed manner, so that the wheel diameter of the wheels is increased on the basis of ensuring the whole size of the scooter, and the obstacle crossing capacity of the scooter is improved

Formulation and evaluation of in situ ophthalmic gel of loteprednol etabonate

The aim of present study was to prepared ocular in-situ gel to increase the residence time of drug in cornea for improvement of ocular bioavailability of drug. In situ gel of Loteprednol etabonate was prepared by using carobopol 940 and different grades of HPMC in different ratios by pH triggered method. The prepared in situ gels were evaluated for pH, drug content, viscosity, gelling time, gelling strength spreadability and sterility testing. In vitro drug release study was carried by using diffusion cell with dialysis membrane. The drug content and pH of the formulation were found to be satisfactory. The gelling strength was found to be in the range of 34 seconds to 91 seconds. The viscosity and spredability of the formulations were found to be satisfactory. Formulation F5 containing 0.3 % carobopol 940 and 0.6 % HPMC K4M showed highest drug release of 80.30 %. The developed formulations showed sustained release of drug up to 8 hrs. From in-vitro drug release studies, it could be concluded that the developed in-situ gelling systems were thus a better alternative to conventional eye drops

OVERVIEW OF MITOXANTRONE-A POTENTIAL CANDIDATE FOR TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER

Anthraquinones are one of the popular classes of aromatic compounds which possess potential anticancer properties by suppressing the nucleic acid formation and proteins essential to the survival of cancerous cells. Mitoxantrone (MT) is an antibiotic and antineoplastic agent belonging to the anthracycline class of compounds which exhibit minimal incident of drug resistance. It is a synthetic anticancer drug, bound to enzyme topoisomerase IIα inhibitor, and intercalates DNA topoisomerase IIα, preventing re-ligations in DNA strands fragmentation and disruption of DNA repair. The expression of this enzyme was used tumor cells marker because of its key function in cell proliferation. The cleavable complex of topoisomerase IIα is hypothesized to damage the DNA and may enhance apoptosis in tumor cell proliferation. The susceptibility of cells to mitoxantrone is associated with cell topoisomerase II α protein and lowered resistance in breast cancer line cell lines to topoisomerase IIα inhibitors. MT is an ABC-transporter in breast cancer, also designated to be associated with “Breast cancer resistance protein” (BCRP) and it is also a cell cycle non-specific anti-cancer drug and P-glycoprotein substrate. Multiple drug resistance is one of the major drawbacks of this drug which can be avoided by reducing the efflux of the drug from cancer cells by formulating drug by using lipophilic carriers. This manuscript discusses about MT's source, chemistry, physicochemical properties, anti-cancer effects of mitoxantrone and possible pathways, Mitoxantrone targeting topoisomerase II inhibitor for cancer therapy and its mechanism, Various Nano formulation development strategy, toxicity profile, and a few patents related information

Study of Properties of Al LM-25/SIC fabricated by using Stir Casting Method and Wear Analysis by RSM

Aluminum MMC’s are widely used in various applications because of their higher mechanical and physical properties when compared with their base Al alloy. This paper focuses on the change in mechanical properties of various Al/SiC composites fabricated by using stir casting method. Effect of SiC reinforcement in different Al alloys on mechanical properties like hardness, tensile strength, wear test, percentage elongation, residual stress measurements are discussed in detail. For this purpose various reinforcement of SiC with 0,4,8 percent weight and different particle sizes are considered along with Al alloys. Variations in process parameters of stir casting are also made and taken into consideration