Anticoagulation increases alveolar hemorrhage in mice infected with influenza A

Influenza A virus infection is a common respiratory tract infection. Alveolar hemorrhage has been reported in patients with influenza pneumonia and in mice infected with influenza A. In this study, we investigated the effect of two anticoagulants on alveolar hemorrhage after influenza A virus (IAV) infection of wild-type mice. Wild-type mice were anticoagulated with either warfarin or the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etexilate and then infected with a mouse-adapted influenza virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1). Alveolar hemorrhage was assessed by measuring hemoglobin levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). We also measured vascular permeability and viral genomes in the lung, as well as white blood cells, inflammatory mediators, and protein in BALF. Survival and body weight were monitored for 14 days after influenza A infection. In infected mice receiving either warfarin or dabigatran etexilate we observed decreased activation of coagulation in the BALF and increased alveolar hemorrhage. Warfarin but not dabigatran etexilate increased vascular permeability and mortality of influenza A-infected mice. Anticoagulation did not affect levels of influenza A genomes, white blood cells, inflammatory mediators, or protein in the BALF. Our study indicates that systemic anticoagulation increases alveolar hemorrhage in influenza A-infected mice

Nephrology

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Foundational research

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Dialysis

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Kidney Transplantation

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Epidemiology

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9. - Etude d’aménagement coordonné de la Vallée de l’Ubaye

Le CNEH a participé à une étude d'aménagement coordonné de la Vallée de l’Ubaye pour le compte du Syndicat Mixte de défense contre les crues de l'Ubaye. La présente communication explicite les résultats de l'étude hydraulique. L'étude hydrologique a fixé la valeur du débit de la crue dont la fréquence de retour est de 100 ans (Q 100). Les calculs hydrauliques ont conduit à évaluer la ligne d'eau correspondant à cette valeur au niveau des zones sensibles et plus particulièrement des agglomérations de Barcelonnette et de Jausiers. Une étude de sensibilité aux coefficients de Strickler (coefficient de rugosité décrivant l'état du lit) a mis en évidence que l'entretien de la rivière et de ses affluents minimisait les possibilités d'inondation.Sissakian Chantal, Salles-Lafont J. F., Gondouin Bruno, Buffin B. 9. - Etude d’aménagement coordonné de la Vallée de l’Ubaye. In: Crues et inondations. 23èmes journées de l'hydraulique. Congrès de la Société Hydrotechnique de France. Nimes (France), 14-15-16 septembre 1994. Tome 2, 1994

Diagnostic performance of [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography in cyst infection in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

International audienceCyst infection is a common complication of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Diagnosis is challenging with standard imaging techniques. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18-FDG PET-CT) for the diagnosis of cyst infections among ADPKD patients, in comparison with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All APKD patients who underwent 18-FDG PET-CT for suspected cyst infection between 2006 and 2013 in a French teaching hospital were included. Diagnosis of cyst infection was retained a posteriori on an index of clinical suspicion. 18-FDG PET-CT findings were was considered to be positive in cases of cyst wall hypermetabolism. CT or MRI findings were were considered to be positive in cases of cyst wall thickening (and enhancement if contrast medium was injected) and infiltration of the adjacent fat. A control group of ADPKD patients with 18-FDG PET-CT performed for other reasons was included. Thirty-two 18-FDG PET-CT scans were performed in 24 ADPKD patients with suspected cyst infection. A diagnosis of cyst infection was retained in 18 of 32 cases: 14 with positive 18-FDG PET-CT findings, and four false negatives. There were no false positives and no hypermetabolism of cyst walls in nine ADPKD control patients. 18-FDG PET-CT had a sensitivity of 77%, a specificity of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 77%. 18-FDG PET-CT allowed a differential diagnosis in three patients. In contrast, CT had a sensitivity of 7% and a negative predictive value of 35% (p < 0.001 vs. 18-FDG PET-CT). Only eight MRI scans were performed. The diagnostic performance of 18-FDG PET-CT is superior to that of CT in cyst infections, for comparable radiation doses and with no injection of nephrotoxic contrast medium, in ADPKD patients. (C) 2015 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved