Base induced carbon-nitrogen (C=N) double bond migration in Schiff bases

2598-2600Various Schiff bases have been prepared to study base induced carbon-nitrogen double bond migrations. Schiff bases derived from aliphatic aldehydes display highest selectivity. Hydrolysis of the resulting rearranged Schiff base provides an entry to make amines from aldehydes. The reaction has possible practical application

Calcium chloride catalyzed three component, one-pot condensation reaction: An efficient synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1<i>H</i>)-ones

1259-1263CaCl2 is an efficient, inexpensive and readily available catalyst for the three component, one-pot condensation reaction of an aldehyde, -ketoester and urea in refluxing ethanol to afford the corresponding dihydropyrimidinones in high yield. This method provides an envirofriendly, easy workup and isolation process

Rapid and sensitive detection of mycotoxins by advanced and emerging analytical methods: A review

Quantification of mycotoxins in foodstuffs is extremely difficult as a limited amount of toxins are known to be presented in the food samples. Mycotoxins are secondary toxic metabolites, made primarily by fungal species, contaminating feeds and foods. Due to the presence in globally used grains, it is an unpreventable problem that causes various acute and chronic impacts on human and animal health. Over the previous few years, however, progress has been made in mycotoxin analysis studies. Easier techniques of sample cleanup and advanced chromatographic approaches have been developed, primarily high-performance liquid chromatography. Few extremely sophisticated and adaptable tools such as high-resolution mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–tandem MS/MS have become more important. In addition, Immunoassay, Advanced quantitative techniques are now globally accepted for mycotoxin analysis. Thus, this review summarizes these traditional and highly advance methods and their characteristics for evaluating mycotoxins