Tissue-specific DNase I-hypersensitive sites in the 5´flanking sequences of the trytophane oxygenase and tyrosine aminotransferase genes

The genes for tryptophan oxygenase (TO) and tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) are expressed in a tissue- and development-specific manner and are regulated by glucocorticoids (TO and TAT) and glucagon or its intracellular mediator cAMP (TAT) in rat liver. We have analyzed the chromatin structure of these genes in the vicinity of the 5' ends with regard to DNaseI hypersensitivity and have found DNaseI hypersensitive sites upstream of each of the promoters. Mapping of this region reveals three closely spaced cleavage sites near the TO promoter and a doublet of sites near the TAT promoter. In both genes additional cleavage sites are found further upstream. All hypersensitive sites of both genes are absent in kidney nuclei and therefore appear to be specific for the tissue expressing the genes. A correlation of expression and modified chromatin structure was also observed in a hepatoma cell line expressing TAT but not TO: hypersensitive sites are present in TAT but not in TO chromatin. Upon glucocorticoid induction an additional hypersensitive site is detected approximately 2 kb upstream of the TAT promoter in liver and hepatoma cells

Process model based development of disassembly tools

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.Disassembly processes require flexible tools for loosening and handling operations. Today, disassembly processes demand a great deal of manual labour and a vast variety of tools. Partly destructive tools which generate and use new acting surfaces are able to increase the economic viability owing to their flexibility and their promotion of the reuse of components. This article describes selected methods of acting surface generation and their application for prototypical tools.DFG, SFB 281, Demontagefabriken zur Rückgewinnung von Ressourcen in Produkt- und Materialkreisläufe

Tunable Dipolar Capillary Deformations for Magnetic Janus Particles at Fluid-Fluid Interfaces

Janus particles have attracted significant interest as building blocks for complex materials in recent years. Furthermore, capillary interactions have been identified as a promising tool for directed self-assembly of particles at fluid-fluid interfaces. In this paper, we develop theoretical models describing the behaviour of magnetic Janus particles adsorbed at fluid-fluid interfaces interacting with an external magnetic field. Using numerical simulations, we test the models predictions and show that the magnetic Janus particles deform the interface in a dipolar manner. We suggest how to utilise the resulting dipolar capillary interactions to assemble particles at a fluid-fluid interface, and further demonstrate that the strength of these interactions can be tuned by altering the external field strength, opening up the possibility to create novel, reconfigurable materials.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure

Full-field structured-illumination super-resolution X-ray transmission microscopy

Modern transmission X-ray microscopy techniques provide very high resolution at low and medium X-ray energies, but suffer from a limited field-of-view. If sub-micrometre resolution is desired, their field-of-view is typically limited to less than one millimetre. Although the field-of-view increases through combining multiple images from adjacent regions of the specimen, so does the required data acquisition time. Here, we present a method for fast full-field super-resolution transmission microscopy by structured illumination of the specimen. This technique is well-suited even for hard X-ray energies above 30 keV, where efficient optics are hard to obtain. Accordingly, investigation of optically thick specimen becomes possible with our method combining a wide field-of-view spanning multiple millimetres, or even centimetres, with sub-micron resolution and hard X-ray energies

Chirurgie der Hyperthyreose

Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik, Operationsindikation und Vorbehandlung, chirurgisches Krankengut, Operationsverfahren und Nachbehandlung mit funktionellen Spätergebnissen wurden gezeigt. Der ätiologisch bedingte Unterschied in Therapie und Prognose der Hyperthyreose vom Typ des M. Basedow gegenüber den anderen Hyperthyreoseformen war dargestellt. Von 1891 schilddrüsenoperierten Patienten in den letzten 10 Jahren waren fast (n = 625) hyperthyreot; 22,7% der Hyperthyreosen waren vom Typ des M. Basedow, 26,5 % multinoduläre Strumen, der Rest autonome AdenomePathophysiology, diagnosis, indication for operation and pretreatment, data of operated patients, surgical treatment, and postoperative care with late results are demonstrated. The differences between Graves' disease and other kinds of hyperthyroidism are pointed out. About (n = 625) of all patients operated upon for goiter (n= 1891) within the last ten years had hyperthyroidism. Exophthalmia was present in 22.7 %, toxic multinodular goiter in 26.5 %; the rest of the patients had autonomous adenoma. The importance of radioimmunoassays to determine preoperative treatment and postoperative hormone levels for long-term results is stressed