Fertigung laminarer optischer Gitter am HZB

Laminare optische Gitter stellen höchste Anforderungen an die mikrosystemtechnische Fertigung der Mikro und Nano strukturen in Hinsicht auf Präzision und Homogenität. Im Rahmen des EU Projektes Aufbau eines Technologiezent rums für hocheffiziente optische Präzisionsgitter am Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin HZB EFRE Vertrag Nr. 20072013 2 43 [1,2] wurden die für die Herstellung von laminaren und geblazten Gittern notwendigen Anlagen in Betrieb ge nommen. Gleichzeitig wurde mit der Prozessentwicklung begonnen. In diesem Artikel werden die neuesten Prozessergebnisse von durch Laserinterferenzlithographie LIL in Photoresist erzeugter Gitterstrukturen und deren nur wenige Nanometer tiefe Übertragung in Siliziumsubstrate mittels Ionenstrahl ätzen vorgestellt. english version Laminar optical gratings impose highest demands on microsystem technological manufacturing with regard to precision and uniformity. Within the project Installation of a technology centre for highly efficient precision gratings at Helm holtz Zentrum Berlin HZB EFRE Vertrag Nr. 20072013 2 43 [1,2] the necessary systems for the manufacturing of laminar and blazed gratings were taken into operation and process development has started. In this article we present the results of grating structures manufactured with laser interference lithography and subse quent ion beam etchin

Comparative chromosome painting discloses homologous Segments in distantly related mammals

Comparative chromosome painting, termed ZOO-FISH, using DNA libraries from flow sorted human chromosomes 1,16,17 and X, and mouse chromosome 11 discloses the presence of syntenic groups in distantly related mammalian Orders ranging from primates (Homo sapiens), rodents (Mus musculus), even-toed ungulates (Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis and Muntiacus reevesi) and whales (Balaenoptera physalus). These mammalian Orders have evolved separately for 55-80 million years (Myr). We conclude that ZOO-FISH can be used to generate comparative chromosome maps of a large number of mammalian species

Managerial power in the German model: the case of Bertelsmann and the antecedents of neoliberalism

Our article extends the research on authoritarian neoliberalism to Germany, through a history of the Bertelsmann media corporation – sponsor and namesake of Germany’s most influential neoliberal think-tank. Our article makes three conceptual moves. Firstly, we argue that conceptualizing German neoliberalism in terms of an ‘ordoliberal paradigm’ is of limited use in explaining the rise and fall of Germany’s distinctive socio-economic model (Modell Deutschland). Instead, we locate the origins of authoritarian tendencies in the corporate power exercised by managers rather than in the power of state-backed markets imagined by ordoliberals. Secondly, we focus on the managerial innovations of Bertelsmann as a key actor enmeshed with Modell Deutschland. We show that the adaptation of business management practices of an endogenous ‘Cologne School’ empowered Bertelsmann’s postwar managers to overcome existential crises and financial constraints despite being excluded from Germany’s corporate support network. Thirdly, we argue that their further development in the 1970s also enabled Bertelsmann to curtail and circumvent the forms of labour representation associated with Modell Deutschland. Inspired by cybernetic management theories that it used to limit and control rather than revive market competition among its workforce, Bertelsmann began to act and think outside the postwar settlement between capital and labour before the settlement’s hotly-debated demise since the 1990s

Privacy-Enhanced Machine Learning with Functional Encryption

Functional encryption is a generalization of public-key encryption in which possessing a secret functional key allows one to learn a function of what the ciphertext is encrypting. This paper introduces the first fully-fledged open source cryptographic libraries for functional encryption. It also presents how functional encryption can be used to build efficient privacy-enhanced machine learning models and it provides an implementation of three prediction services that can be applied on the encrypted data. Finally, the paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the alternative approach for building privacy-enhanced machine learning models by using homomorphic encryption

Single-Trace Side-Channel Attacks on Masked Lattice-Based Encryption

Although lattice-based cryptography has proven to be a particularly efficient approach to post-quantum cryptography, its security against side-channel attacks is still a very open topic. There already exist some first works that use masking to achieve DPA security. However, for public-key primitives SPA attacks that use just a single trace are also highly relevant. For lattice-based cryptography this implementation-security aspect is still unexplored. In this work, we present the first single-trace attack on lattice-based encryption. As only a single side-channel observation is needed for full key recovery, it can also be used to attack masked implementations. We use leakage coming from the Number Theoretic Transform, which is at the heart of almost all efficient lattice-based implementations. This means that our attack can be adapted to a large range of other lattice-based constructions and their respective implementations. Our attack consists of 3 main steps. First, we perform a template matching on all modular operations in the decryption process. Second, we efficiently combine all this side-channel information using belief propagation. And third, we perform a lattice-decoding to recover the private key. We show that the attack allows full key recovery not only in a generic noisy Hamming-weight setting, but also based on real traces measured on an ARM Cortex-M4F microcontroller

Eine deutsche Version des California-Child-Q-Sort, Kurzform

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Soft X Ray Lithography for High Aspect Ratio Sub Micrometer Structures

Soft x ray lithography is a promising micro nano fabrication process for patterning of ultra precise, low and high aspect ratio micro and nanostructures [1 5]. Research presented in this paper builds upon a new negative tone, epoxy based x ray resist, mr X, which offers comparable contrast to PMMA gt; 3 at a factor of 20x higher sensitivity [6]. Using a 1 amp; 956;m thick SiN membrane mask with a 1 amp; 956;m thick Au absorber, patterns were transferred into 10 amp; 956;m thick resist using the soft exposure mode at the BESSY II WLS beamline. With typical exposure times of a few minutes very precise grating and filter structures can be fabricated with dimensions down to about 500nm

Nanoprägen in Polymerfolien als Fertigungsverfahren für fluidische Mikro Nano Systeme Nanoembossing in Polymer Foils as a Fabrication Technique for fluidic Micro Nano Systems

Um die Funktionalität der Mikrosystemtechnik durch die Integration von Submikrometer und Nanometerstrukturen in sogenannte Mikro Nano Systeme erweitern zu können, müssen industriekompatible Produktionstechnologien entwickelt werden, die eine Strukturierung im Mikro und Nanometerbereich für ein breites Nutzerspektrum ermöglichen und für eine Fertigung von mikro und nanostrukturierten Komponenten auch im industriellen Einsatz in Frage kommen. Die Intention der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, für diese technologische Aufgabenstellung einen möglichen Lösungsansatz durch Untersuchungen zum Nanoprägen als ein für die Nanostrukturierung von Kunststoffen adaptiertes Heissprägeverfahren weiterzuentwickeln und den enormen Nutzen des Verfahrens für die Fertigung fluidischer Mikro Nano Systeme durch Applikationsbeispiele aus dem Bereich der Life Sciences zu veranschauliche