Study of embryos stages of development for estimation of day of death in red-legged patridge (Alectoris rufa rufa L.)

The exact determination of the death age of embryos could be important in determining causes of embryonic mortality. For this reason, a study on partridge chick embryo development was useful. To monitor red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa rufa) embryo development, we incubated 80 eggs, chosen randomly, all laid in the same day of the 9th laying week. Every day during the incubation period 2 eggs were opened, embryos were photographed, described in a macroscopic manner and several measurement were carried out. In order to estimate embryo age, we can divide the whole development process into two main periods. The first period is mainly characterised by formation of new organs (embryonic or extra embryonic or body portions), going from the first to 17th incubation day. The second period is characterised by growth of body organs and limbs from the 18th day to the 24th. The study also elucidated enough development stages to estimate embryo age within an approximation of about one day

Embryos stages of development for estimation of day of death in pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and partridges (Alectoris rufa and Perdix perdix)

In captivity condition rearing of many game bird species is affected by low hatching rate. Besides, there are not sufficient specific references about embryo development of these species. The exact estimation of the embryos death age, is the base for carrying out the diagnosis of the death causes during incubation and, consequently, to improve hatchability. A comparative study on embryo development was carried out on pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), red legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) and grey partridge (Perdix perdix). For each specie, 100 eggs laid in the same day of the 9th laying week were incubated contemporarily in the same incubator. Longitudinal and transversal diameters and weight of the eggs were measured. At least 3 eggs for each specie were opened daily during the incubation period. Embryos were photographed, described in a macroscopic manner and the main measurements of anatomic portions were taken. The day of appearance of new organs and/or body portion (e.g. eye, claw, beck, etc.) was determined and the study allowed to elucidated enough development stages to estimate macroscopically embryo age within an approximation of about one day. A general delay in the hatching time of grey partridge was observed in comparison to pheasant and red legged partridge

Selenide-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of trifluoromethylthiolated tetrahydronaphthalenes by merging desymmetrization and trifluoromethylthiolation

Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of trifluoromethylthiolated molecules remains a challenge. Here, the authors report a bifunctional selenide-catalyzed approach for the synthesis of structurally complex chiral trifluoromethylthiolated tetrahydronaphthalenes by merging desymmetrization and trifluoromethylthiolation