Parents' assessment of parent-child interaction interventions – a longitudinal study in 101 families

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of the study was to describe families with small children who participated in parent-child interaction interventions at four centres in Sweden, and to examine long term and short term changes regarding the parents' experience of parental stress, parental attachment patterns, the parents' mental health and life satisfaction, the parents' social support and the children's problems.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this longitudinal study a consecutive sample of 101 families (94 mothers and 54 fathers) with 118 children (median age 3 years) was assessed, using self-reports, at the outset of the treatment (T1), six months later (T2) and 18 months after the beginning of treatment (T3). Analysis of the observed differences was carried out using Wilcoxon's Signed-Rank test and Cohen's d.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results from commencement of treatment showed that the parents had considerable problems in all areas examined. At the outset of treatment (T1) the mothers showed a higher level of problem load than the fathers on almost all scales. In the families where the children's problems have also been measured (children from the age of four) it appeared that they had problems of a nature and degree otherwise found in psychiatric populations. We found a clear general trend towards a positive development from T1 to T2 and this development was also reinforced from T2 to T3. Aggression in the child was one of the most common causes for contact. There were few undesired or unplanned interruptions of the treatment, and the attrition from the study was low.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study has shown that it is possible to reach mothers as well as fathers with parenting problems and to create an intervention program with very low dropout levels – which is of special importance for families with small children displaying aggressive behaviour. The parents taking part in this study showed clear improvement trends after six months and this development was reinforced a year later. This study suggests the necessity of clinical development and future research concerning the role of fathers in parent-child interaction interventions.</p

Crossing the Line : Millennium and Wallander On Screen and the Global Stage

Through a combination of socio-historical analysis and close criticism, the chapter explores the intersections between adaptations of Larsson and Mankell's written work, particularly in terms of their relationship to Sweden's place in the global age

Non-Strict Temporal Exploration

A temporal graph G=〈G1,...,GL〉is a sequence of graphs Gi⊆G, for some given underlying graph G of order n. We consider the non-strict variant of the Temporal Exploration problem, in which we are asked to decide if G admits a sequence W of consecutively crossed edges e∈G, such that W visits all vertices at least once and that each e∈W is crossed at a timestep t′∈[L] such that t′≥t, where t is the time step during which the previous edge was crossed. This variant of the problem is shown to be NP-complete. We also consider the hardness of approximating the exploration time for yes-instances in which our order-ninput graph satisfies certain assumptions that ensure exploration schedules always exist. The first is that each pair of vertices are contained in the same component at least once in every period of nsteps, whilst the second is that the temporal diameter of our input graphis bounded by a constantc. For the latter of these two assumptions we showO(n12−ε)-inapproximability and O(n1−ε)-inapproximability in thec= 2 andc≥3 cases, respectively. For graphs with temporal diameterc= 2, we also prove an O(√nlogn) upper bound on worst-case time required for exploration, as well as anΩ(√n) lower boun