268 research outputs found
Alternative techniques for beam halo measurements
In future high intensity, high energy accelerators it must be ensured that particle losses are minimized, as activation of the vacuum chambers or other components makes maintenance and upgrade work time consuming and costly. It is imperative to have a clear understanding of the mechanisms that can lead to halo formation and to have the possibility to test available theoretical models with an adequate experimental setup. Measurements based on optical transition radiation (OTR) are a well-established technique for measurements of the transverse beam profile. However, in order to be suitable for halo measurements as well, the dynamic range of the final image acquisition system needs to be high, being able to cover at least five orders of magnitude in intensity changes. Here, the performance of a standard acquisition system as it is used in the CLIC test facility (CTF3) is compared to a step-by-step measurement with a small movable photo multiplier tube and an innovative camera system based on charge injection device (CID) technology. Special emphasis is given on a description of the characteristics of the latter system
High dynamic range beam profile measurements
In future high intensity, high energy accelerators, beam loss has to be minimized to maximize performance and reduce activation of accelerator components. It is imperative to have a clear understanding of the mechanisms that can lead to halo formation and to have the possibility to test available theoretical models with an adequate experimental setup. Measurements based on optical transition radiation (OTR) provide an interesting opportunity for high resolution measurements of the transverse beam profile. In order to be applicable for measurements within the beam halo region, it is of utmost importance that a high dynamic range is covered by the image acquisition system. The existing camera system as it is installed in the CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) is compared to a step-by-step measurement with a photo multiplier tube (PMT) and measurements with a cooled charge injection device (CID) camera. The latter acquisition technique provides an innovative and highly flexible approach to high dynamic range measurements and is presented in some detail
A Large Scintillating Screen for the LHC Dump Line
The 7 TeV proton beam from the LHC ring is ejected through a long transfer line to beam dump blocks, approximately 100m downstream of the ejection septa, a series of dilution kicker magnets provide a sweeping deflection spreading the extracted beam over a 40 cm diameter area on the face of the beam dump cores. During normal operation, the quality of each dump event must be recorded and verified. The so-called âďžPost-Mortemâ dataset will include information from the beam dumping system (logic signals, kicker pulsesâŒ) as well as from the beam diagnostics along the extraction lines. For this purpose, profile monitors in front of the dump blocks must be permanently available during machine operation. With more than 1014 protons stored in LHC, the energy deposited in the screen becomes an issue and thermalresistant materials have to be considered. In this paper, the design of this quite unusual device is presented. The different technical options considered for the choice of the screen material are discussed first. The complete layout of the installation is then described with a special emphasis on the mechanical design, the screen assembly and the choice of the radiation-hard camera used to observe the screen
Status of the HIE-ISOLDE project at CERN
The HIE-ISOLDE project represents a major upgrade of the ISOLDE nuclear
facility with a mandate to significantly improve the quality and increase the
intensity and energy of radioactive nuclear beams produced at CERN. The project
will expand the experimental nuclear physics programme at ISOLDE by focusing on
an upgrade of the existing Radioactive ion beam EXperiment (REX) linac with a
40 MV superconducting linac comprising thirty-two niobium-on-copper
sputter-coated quarter-wave resonators housed in six cryomodules. The new linac
will raise the energy of post-accelerated beams from 3 MeV/u to over 10 MeV/u.
The upgrade will be staged to first deliver beam energies of 5.5 MeV/u using
two high- cryomodules placed downstream of REX, before the energy
variable section of the existing linac is replaced with two low-
cryomodules and two additional high- cryomodules are installed to attain
over 10 MeV/u with full energy variability above 0.45 MeV/u. An overview of the
project including a status summary of the different R&D activities and the
schedule will outlined.Comment: 7 pages, 12 figures, submitted to the Heavy Ion Accelerator
Technology conference (HIAT) 2012, in Chicag
Advanced Simulations of Optical Transition and Diraction Radiation
Charged particle beam diagnostics is a key task in modern and future accelerator installations. The diagnostic tools are practically the âeyesâ of the operators. The precision and resolution of the diagnostic equipment are crucial to define the performance of the accelerator. Transition and diffraction radiation (TR and DR) are widely used for electron beam parameter monitoring. However, the precision and resolution of those devices are determined by how well the production, transport and detection of these radiation types are understood. This paper reports on simulations of TR and DR spatial-spectral characteristics using the physical optics propagation (POP) mode of the Zemax advanced optics simulation software. A good consistency with theory is demonstrated. Also, realistic optical system alignment issues are discussed
MOSFET dosimetry for microbeam radiation therapy at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
Preclinical experiments are carried out with ~20â30 Îźm wide, ~10 mm high parallel microbeams of hard, broad-ââwhiteââ-spectrum x rays (~50â600 keV) to investigate microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) of brain tumors in infants for whom other kinds of radiotherapy are inadequate and/or unsafe. Novel physical microdosimetry (implemented with MOSFET chips in the ââedge-onââ mode) and Monte Carlo computer-simulated dosimetry are described here for selected points in the peak and valley regions of a microbeam-irradiated tissue-equivalent phantom. Such microbeam irradiation causes minimal damage to normal tissues, possible because of rapid repair of their microscopic lesions. Radiation damage from an array of parallel microbeams tends to correlate with the range of peak-valley dose ratios (PVDR). This paper summarizes comparisons of our dosimetric MOSFET measurements with Monte Carlo calculations. Peak doses at depths \u3c22 mm are 18% less than Monte Carlo values, whereas those depths \u3e22 mm and valley doses at all depths investigated (2 mmâ62 mm) are within 2â13% of the Monte Carlo values. These results lend credence to the use of MOSFET detector systems in edge-on mode for microplanar irradiation dosimetry
Evaluation of the LEP Centre-of-Mass Energy Above the W-Pair Production Threshold
Knowledge of the centre-of-mass energy at LEP2 is of primary importance to
set the absolute energy scale for the measurement of the W-boson mass. The beam
energy above 80 GeV is derived from continuous measurements of the magnetic
bending field by 16 NMR probes situated in a number of the LEP dipoles. The
relationship between the fields measured by the probes and the beam energy is
calibrated against precise measurements of the average beam energy between 41
and 55 GeV made using the resonant depolarisation technique. The linearity of
the relationship is tested by comparing the fields measured by the probes with
the total bending field measured by a flux loop. This test results in the
largest contribution to the systematic uncertainty. Several further corrections
are applied to derive the the centre-of-mass energies at each interaction
point. In addition the centre-of-mass energy spread is evaluated. The beam
energy has been determined with a precision of 25 MeV for the data taken in
1997, corresponding to a relative precision of 2.7x10^{-4}. This is small in
comparison to the present uncertainty on the W mass measurement at LEP.
However, the ultimate statistical precision on the W mass with the full LEP2
data sample should be around 25 MeV, and a smaller uncertainty on the beam
energy is desirable. Prospects for improvements are outlined.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures, Latex, epsfig; replaced by version accepted by
European Physical Journal
Photosensitive Gaseous Detectors for Cryogenic Temperature Applications
There are several proposals and projects today for building LXe Time
Projection Chambers (TPCs) for dark matter search. An important element of
these TPCs are the photomultipliers operating either inside LXe or in vapors
above the liquid.
We have recently demonstrated that photosensitive gaseous detectors (wire
type and hole-type) can operate perfectly well until temperatures of LN2. In
this paper results of systematic studies of operation of the photosensitive
version of these detectors (combined with reflective or semi-transparent CsI
photocathodes) in the temperature interval of 300-150 K are presented. In
particular, it was demonstrated that both sealed and flushed by a gas detectors
could operate at a quite stable fashion in a year/time scale. Obtained results,
in particular the long-term stability of photosensitive gaseous detectors,
strongly indicate that they can be cheap and simple alternatives to
photomultipliers or avalanche solid-state detectors in LXe TPC applications.Comment: Submitted to the Proceedings of the PSD-7 Conf. in Liverpool, U
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