Tube leukocyte adherence inhibition assay : the assessment of tumor immunity in cancer patients and in rats

For the past two decades, intensive search has been made for the existence of tumor-specific antigens of human cancer. The recent succesful development of monoclonal antibodies against TAA on human cell membrane has not yet resulted in the identification of any tumor-specific determinant(s) on cancer cells. An alternative approach for the identification of tumor-specific antigens has been to study the immune response of the host to cancer. Cell-mediated cytotoxicity was initially investigated using microcytotoxicity assays (47). Specific cytotoxicity against a variety of cultured cells from human tumors was observed with lymphoid cells from tumor-bearers or individuals whose tumor had been resected. The whole concept of specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity in human cancer was doubted when natural cytotoxicity was discovered (18, 19). However, investigators working with the tumor extract-induced leukocyte adherence inhibition (LA I) phenomenon have successfully provided much of the existing evidence for specific anti-tumor immunity in animals and human cancers (81,82). The ultimate objective of the present study was to use the tube LA! assay to monitor the purification of human TAA from crude tumor extracts. On the assumption that T AA are foreign or modified human major histocompatibility complex antigens (HLA antigens) or are closely associated with these antigens, the biochemical techniques used to study the nature of HLA antigens could be applied to obtain an insight into the biochemical nature of TAA and their relation (if any) to HLA antigens. The tube LAI assay was chosen since it was claimed to be simple, rapid and reproducible. In the first instance it was necessary to develop a reliable tube LAI technique of high sensitivity. In the initial studies it was investigated whether this could be achieved by using partially purified tumor extracts. Since the amount of patient tumor material severely restricted the amount of crude extracts that could be chroma to graphed and purified further using other physico-chemical techniques, LAI studies in rats were also pursued

Analysis of Short Term and Long Term Dependence of Stream Flow Phenomenon in Seonath River Basin, Chhattisgarh

In this paper to investigate long rang phenomena ( Hurst effect) of river flows which characterizes hydrological time series is studied, especially in connection with various climate-related factors, is important to improve stochastic models for long-range phenomena and in order to understand the deterministic and stochastic variability in long-range dependence of stream flow. Long rang dependence represented by the Hurst coefficient H is estimated for 5 mean monthly discharge time series of Chhattisgarh state for a period of 32 years from 1980-2012.long memory analyzed for both monthly and seasonally stream flow time series of the Seonath River Basin at Chhattisgarh State by using Hurst exponent and testing specifically the null hypothesis of short-term memory in the monthly and seasonal time series by (Von Neumann ratio test, Kendall\u27s rank correlation test, Median crossing test, Run above and below the median for general randomness, Turning point test, Rank difference test)

Statistical Analysis of Rainfall Event in Seonath River Basin Chhattisgarh

To understand the mechanism of potential hydrologic impacts of climate and land use land cover changes. In this study identified to the significant temporal trend was carried out monthly, seasonal timescales. Using the rainfall data of 39 Meteorological stations under entire seonath basin which is subdivided into five weighted stations with the help of by creating Thiessen polygon over Seonath River, Chhattisgarh state of 32 years for a period of 1980-2012. Hydro metrological variables are analysed by using a combined Mann-Kendall/Thiel-Sen slope estimator trend detection approach. The results reveal a significant decreasing trend for the month of January, February, March, and may, September, October and December for all the five gauging stations similarly the month of April, June, July, August and November show the significant increasing trend. For all the five gauging stations excluded month of January in simga gauging station shows having no trend. Whereas the trend in different seasons are follows (1) season of winter and pre-monsoon shows significant decreasing trend for all the five gauging stations and post-monsoon season andhyakore, pathridih and simga gauging stations also represents the decreasing trend and (2) the season of monsoon shows increasing trend for all the five gauging stations and seasons of winter and pre-monsoon of ghatora and simga stations also shows the increasing trend

Analysis of Different Routing Algorithm for 2D-Torus Topology NoC Architecture under Load Variation

The recital of Network-on-Chip (NoC) depends on the underlying routing techniques. There are a lot of requirements that has to be met. Such performance metrics are minimum latency, least power and maximum throughput. This paper deals with XY route, PROM routing, FTXY routing and DyAD routing on 5x5 2D torus topology. The simulation is performed on nirgam NoC simulator version 2.1 for constant bit rate traffic condition. The simulation results reveals the dominance of XY, PROM, FTXY and DyAD algorithms depicting the minimum values of overall average latency per channel (in clock cycles per flit) as 0.409836 overall average latency per channel (in clock cycles per packet) as 6.2535, average throughput as 16.68, and total network power as 35.6768 mw, achieved for FTXY routing algorithm

Analysis and Implementation of Malicious Node in AODV Routing Protocol

The Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is constructed based on wireless medium and it is of self organizing behaviour. MANET is easy to establish and having dynamic topology. The mobile Ad-hoc networks are vulnerable to various networks attacks because MANET operational environment is open and dynamic or live. MANET uses the Routing protocols for data transfer. Two different types of Routing protocols are available: Table Driven and On Demand Routing Protocols. Malicious node is the one type of mobile node but its work is completely different compared to normal Mobile nodes. Malicious nodes have capability to change or remove Routing Information. It also sends or advertises the fake Route Request to attract user’s data. Malicious node disturbs the Network to carry correct flow of operation. It is responsible for attacks on the existing normal mobile nodes and creates receiver collision, limited transmission power, false misbehaviour etc. Malicious or selfish node carries attacks on the networks so it directly effects to the routing Performance. The objective of this work is to check Network performance in malicious environment and provide prevention for the attack. Throughput and Delay are analysed for Denial of Service (DoS) attack and prevention scenarios. Keywords: MANET, AODV, Selfish Node, DoS Attack, Routing Protocol

Molten-Salt-Assisted Annealing for Making Colloidal ZnGa2O4:Cr Nanocrystals with High Persistent Luminescence

Persistent luminescent nanocrystals (PLNCs) in the sub-10 nm domain are considered to be the most fascinating inventions in lighting technology owing to their excellent performance in anti-counterfeiting, luminous paints, bioimaging, security applications, etc. Further improvement of persistent luminescence (PersL) intensity and lifetime is needed to achieve the desired success of PLNCs while keeping the uniform sub-10 nm size. In this work, the concept of molten salt confinement to thermally anneal as-synthesized ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ (ZGOC) colloidal NCs (CNCs) in a molten salt medium at 650 °C is introduced. This method led to significantly monodispersed and few agglomerated NCs with a much improved photoluminescence (PL) and PersL intensity without much growth in the size of the pristine CNCs. Other strategies such as i) thermal annealing, ii) overcoating, and iii) the core–shell strategy have also been tried to improve PL and PersL but did not improve them simultaneously. Moreover, directly annealing the CNCs in air without the assistance of molten salt could significantly improve both PL and PersL but led to particle heterogeneity and aggregation, which are highly unsuitable for in vivo imaging. We believe this work provides a novel strategy to design PLNCs with high PL intensity and long PersL duration without losing their nanostructural characteristics, water dispersibility and biocompatibility

Growth and Characterization Of Tantulam Selenide

Layered structure (lamellar) solids of transition metal dichalcogenides MX2 (M=Mo,W,Nb,Ta, X=S,Se,Te) have been extensively studied partly because of their excellent lubricating properties and partly due to their photovoltaic properties. Undo extreme pressures fluid lubricants squeeze out from between metting surfaces, causing high friction and wear. With lamellar solids such as TMDCs, shearing takes place more easily when loads are high. So, lamellar solids are well suited to extreme pressure lubrication. As a part of programme of growing than single crystals, this paper presents the growth of TaSe2. The vapour transport technique using iodine as a transporting agent and EDAX and XRD studies gives confirmation also stoichiomatric and structural properties. The type, concentration of charge carriers and also the carrier mobility has been obtained by the Hall effect measurement at room temperature

Piezoelectric Properties of PVDF-Zn2GeO4 Fine Fiber Mats

The current paper presents the development and characterization of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-Zn2GeO4 (ZGO) fine fiber mats. ZGO nanorods (NRs) were synthesized using a hydrothermal method and incorporated in a PVDF solution to produce fine fiber mats. The fiber mats were prepared by varying the concentration of ZGO NRs (1.25–10 wt %) using the Forcespinning® method. The developed mats showed long, continuous, and homogeneous fibers, with average fiber diameters varying from 0.7 to 1 µm, depending on the ZGO concentration. X-ray diffraction spectra depicted a positive correlation among concentration of ZGO NRs and strengthening of the beta phase within the PVDF fibers. The composite system containing 1.25 wt % of ZGO displayed the highest piezoelectric response of 172 V. This fine fiber composite system has promising potential applications for energy harvesting and the powering of wearable and portable electronics. View Full-Tex