Development of Leaf Nutrient Norms and Identification of Yield-Limiting Nutrients Using DRIS in Sapota cv. Kalipatti

A survey was conducted in 106 orchards growing sapota cv. Kalipatti in Raichur, Dharwad and Belgaum districts of Northern Karnataka for developing leaf nutrient norms through Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) for nutrient management. Leaf samples collected were processed and analyzed for macro-and micronutrient status and a data bank was established. The entire population was divided into two sub-groups, namely, low-and high-yielding types to derive the norms. Fifty-five nutrient expressions were chosen as diagnostic norms using DRIS, which have shown higher variance and lower coefficient of variation that are found to have greater diagnostic precision viz., N/K (1.731), N/Ca (0.928), Mg/N (0.360), Fe/N (99.89), N/Cu (0.104), N/B (0.037), Mg/Ca (0.329), Ca/B (0.040), Mg/S (1.103), Fe/Mg (278.6), Mg/Zn (0.037), Mg/B (0.013), Fe/Zn (10.39) etc. The nutritional balance index (NBI) indicated an overall imbalance of nutrients based on sum of the indices, irrespective of sign. Diagnosis of nutrient imbalance through DRIS indices indicated that potassium, boron and zinc to be the most common yield-limiting nutrients in the orchards. In addition, five nutrient ranges/standards were derived using mean and standard deviation as deficient, low, optimum, high and excess for each nutrient, to serve as a guide for diagnostics. Optimum leaf N ranged from 1.51 to 2.09%, P from 0.06 to 0.15% and K from 0.83 to 1.44%. The optimum concentration ranged from 1.36 to 2.34% for Ca, 0.54 to 0.68% for Mg and 0.48 to 0.80 for S. Among the micronutrients, optimum Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B concentrations ranged from 109 to 206 mg kg-1, 49 to 99 mg kg-1, 13.3 to 21.9 mg kg-1, 3.76 to 9.10 mg kg-1 and 34.8 to 66.8 mg kg-1, respectively, for sapota cv. Kalipatti

Analysis And Design Of Flat Slab By Using Etabs Software

“Flat Slab” is better understood as the slab without beams resting directly on supports (like columns & or walls).By virtue of that large Bending Moment & Shear Forces are developed close to the columns. Flat slabs system of construction is one in which the beams used in t he conventional methods of constructions are done away with. The slab directly rests on the column and load from the slab is directly transferred to the columns and then to the foundation. To support heavy loads the thickness of slab near the support with the column is increased and these are called drops, or columns are generally provided with enlarged heads called column heads or capitals.Absence of beam gives a plain ceiling, thus giving better architectural appearance and also less vulnerability in case of fire than in usual cases where beams are used. Plain ceiling diffuses light better, easier to construct and requires cheaper form work.As per local conditions and availability of materials different countries have adopted different me thods for design of flat slabs and given their guidelines in their respective codes.The Finite element analysis & Equivalent frame analysis is carried out by using software ETABS, The analysis & design is performed by Equivalent Frame Method with staggered column & without staggered column as prescribed in the different codes like IS 456-2000, ACI 318-08 are compared. In this process moments are distributed as column strip moments & middle strip moments.For carrying out this project an interior panel of a flat slab with dimensions 6.6 x 5.6 m and super imposed load 7.75 KN /m2 was designed using the codes given above

Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis Norms (CND) for Guava (Psidium guajava L.)

Multivariate nutrient diagnostic norms were developed for guava using compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) through leaf nutrient concentration vs. yield data bank. CND norms for N (VN), P (VP) and K (VK) were 2.48, 0.23 and 2.13, respectively. Norms for N and K were much higher compared to P, indicating higher requirement of these two nutrients. CND norms are multivariate norms that consider all elements, including unmeasured factors and, therefore, has higher diagnostic sensitivity. Among micronutrients, Fe requirement was much higher than all other nutrients. Interaction among different nutrients was explained by principal component analysis conducted on log-transformed data which produced four significant PCs, explaining about 73.66% of the variance. The four Eigen values added up to 8.1 denoting the four significant PCs. The first PC was positively correlated with P, Zn and R (residue, which is a reflection of dry matter accumulation in the plant) and negatively correlated with Ca, Mg, S and Fe, indicating that P and Zn behaved in one direction and the other elements in opposite direction. In the second PC, antagonistic effect of N, Fe with P and Cu was evident. In PC3, P and Mg were negatively correlated with Mn and Cu. In PC4, N and S showed their behaviour in the same direction. Diagnostic norms developed were used for identification of yield-limiting nutrients in low-yielding orchards. Thus, diagnostic norms and nutrient interactions help evolve nutrient management strategies for guava to realize higher yields and better quality

Management of patella fractures with different modalities

Background: Patella fracture is quite a common injury for all ages of patients, constituting approximately 1% of all skeletal injuries. Patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body. The aim of study was to assess the functional outcome of patella fractures treated with modified tension band wiring using K wires and cannulated cancellous screws with tension band construct.Methods: This study was a prospective clinical study to be conducted at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chalameda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar from October 2016 to November 2018. Total, 20 patients with transverse patellar fractures were studied and divided into 2 groups according to the surgical technique: 10 patients were in the MKTB group and 10 patients in the CSTB group.Results: Total 20 patella fractures were included in this study. The Bostman’s score of ROM, pain, atrophy of quadriceps femoris, and effusion were all higher in the CSTB group than in the MKTB group.Conclusions: We conclude that compared with the MKTB technique, CSTB fixation is an effective surgical procedure for treatment of displaced transverse patellar fractures

PRACTICAL STUDY ON FRP WITH HIGH STRENGTHENING OF REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE

A speculative research was carried out on the decision of reinforcing enhanced concrete columns making use of FRP product. 4 strengthened concrete cantilever columns of 200x400x1610 mm measurements, standing for the old building and construction technique, were examined. One lap-spliced and also one continual longitudinally strengthened as construct control columns, as well as their strengthened columns were checked under consistent axial tons and also turned around cyclic side lots. n current years Fiber Reinforced polymer obtained vast use reinforcing and also repair for the light beams columns and also pieces of structures and also bridges. FRP is generally made use of in the aerospace, vehicle, aquatic, building markets and also ballistic shield. Today research is mostly concentrated on the examination of the result of on the surface adhered FRP after the toughness qualities of R.C columns. Multitude of researches on R.C columns wills reveals that the column will certainly stop working because of inappropriate or inadequate arrest. In instance of FRP, it will certainly give reliable arrest to the column, this residential or commercial property of FRP makes it much ideal as enhancing product. So I had actually prepared to examine the result of FRP on toughness as well as toughness element of RC column

DESIGN OF HIGH STRENGTH RC BEAMS WITH FIBER ADMIRERS

This paper reports peremptorily an adaptable FRP/concrete bonding system for flexural conditioning of RC participants. The bonding sticky made use of in this system has really reduced flexible modulus yet huge prolongation as much as tensile crack. Consequently, bonding line in between FRP as well as concrete can birth huge shear contortion to postpone or stop the event of regional user interface deboning. Arise from pullout examinations of FRP sheet/concrete user interfaces, research laboratory examinations on fixed as well as exhaustion efficiency of RC participants enhanced with FRP sheets, and also a full-scale examination on a T-beam of 15m period are reported in this paper. Failing systems of strengthened participants in instances of typical bonding as well as adaptable bonding systems are cleared up relatively. Contrasted to the typical glue bonding system, the versatile one has actually confirmed its appealing legitimacy in reinforcing RC beam of lights in terms of their best toughness and also deformability. Nevertheless, this method is preferred for the utmost restriction state enhancing function just given that it adds much less rigidity improvement under the service limitation state

AN INNOVATIVE METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND FORCED DEGRADATION STUDIES FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF SOFOSBUVIR AND LEDIPASVIR BY RP HPLC

Objective: To develop an innovative, rapid, simple, cost-effective, stability indicating reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous estimation of ledipasvir (LP) and sofosbuvir (SB) in combination pill dosage form. Methods: The method was developed using C8 column, 250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 mm using mobile section comprising of 0.1% (v/v) orthophosphoric acid buffer at pH 2.2 and acetonitrile in the ratio of 45:55 that was pumped through the column at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. Temperature was maintained at 30 °C, the effluents were monitored at 260 nm with the help of usage of PDA detector. Results: The retention time of LP and SB were found to be 2.246 min and 3.502 min. The approach was found to be linear with the variety of 9-36 µg/ml and 40-240 μg/ml for LP and SB respectively, the assay of estimated compounds were found to be 99.65% and 99.73% w/v for LP and SB respectively. Conclusion: The pressured samples changed into analyzed and this proposed a technique turned into determined to be particular and stability indicating as no interfering peaks of decay compound and excipients were observed. Hence, the approach was easy and economical that may be efficiently applied for simultaneous estimation of both LP and SB in bulk and combination tablet system

New Lobane and Cembrane Diterpenes from Two Comorian Soft Corals

Preliminary biological investigation of a collection of Comorian soft corals resulted in the selection of two specimens, one of Sarcophyton and the other of Lobophytum, on the basis of their toxicity on larvae of the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, respectively. Bioassay-guided fractionations provided a known antitumor promoter cembrane diterpenoid, (+)-sarcophytol-A (1), along with a new lobane diterpenoid, carbomethoxyfuscol (2), from Sarcophyton sp., and a new cembranoid, crassumolide E (3), from Lobophytum sp. The structures of compounds 1–3 were determined by spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of the spectral data with previously reported values. The cembranoid 3 was found to exhibit a moderate inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase

A Comparison of HWRF, ARW and NMM Models in Hurricane Katrina (2005) Simulation

The life cycle of Hurricane Katrina (2005) was simulated using three different modeling systems of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model. These are, HWRF (Hurricane WRF) designed specifically for hurricane studies and WRF model with two different dynamic cores as the Advanced Research WRF (ARW) model and the Non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model (NMM). The WRF model was developed and sourced from National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), incorporating the advances in atmospheric simulation system suitable for a broad range of applications. The HWRF modeling system was developed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) based on the NMM dynamic core and the physical parameterization schemes specially designed for tropics. A case study of Hurricane Katrina was chosen as it is one of the intense hurricanes that caused severe destruction along the Gulf Coast from central Florida to Texas. ARW, NMM and HWRF models were designed to have two-way interactive nested domains with 27 and 9 km resolutions. The three different models used in this study were integrated for three days starting from 0000 UTC of 27 August 2005 to capture the landfall of hurricane Katrina on 29 August. The initial and time varying lateral boundary conditions were taken from NCEP global FNL (final analysis) data available at 1 degree resolution for ARW and NMM models and from NCEP GFS data at 0.5 degree resolution for HWRF model. The results show that the models simulated the intensification of Hurricane Katrina and the landfall on 29 August 2005 agreeing with the observations. Results from these experiments highlight the superior performance of HWRF model over ARW and NMM models in predicting the track and intensification of Hurricane Katrina

Thermal Stability and Antibacterial Activity of a Newly Prepared Organic Coating from a De-saturated Seed Oil of Thevetia Peruviana

Air drying polyesteramide-urethanes resins were synthesized from de-saturated fatty methyl ester (FAME) of Thevetia peruviana seed oil commonly known as Yellow oleanda (a tropical ornamental shrub) having about 68.8% unsaturated and 30.9% saturated fatty acids. Urea fractionation method was used to optimize the percentage of functional groups (in this case double bonds) by physio-sorption of the saturated fatty acids. The physico-chemical characterization of the optimized unsaturated FAME such as hydroxyl value, iodine value, saponification value, refractive index, inherent viscosity were carried out using standard methods. Through condensation reaction the N,N- bis(2-hydroxyethyl) Thevetia peruviana (HETA) prepared from the FAME react with isophthalic acid to form polyesteramide. The latter undergo urethanation with H1 • 2 MDI. The structural elucidation of the moisture cured polyesteramide-urethane urethane coating was based on FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic methods. The coatings films were evaluated for its antibacterial activity and thermal stability properties on TGA and DSC. SEM of the coating films was also examine