Similarity solutions for free convection to power-law fluids from a heated vertical plate

AbstractSteady, laminar free-convection boundary-layer flow of a power-law fluid over a vertical heated plate under mixed thermal boundary conditions is investigated. A transformation relating the similarity solutions of the boundary-layer velocity and temperature profiles is obtained

Ballistic examination findings of sawed-off shotguns referred to council of forensic medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

A sawed-off shotgun is a type of shotgun with a shorter gun barrel and often a shorter or absent stock. Due to a lower muzzle velocity and wider spread of shot these sawed-off shotguns have a shorter effective range. In spite of these disadvantages, the main purpose of shortening the barrels is to make them easier to conceal and transport. In this study, researchers aimed to document the findings of shots on experimental targets at different ranges by use of a sawed off and a regular shotgun. Reports of Ballistic Division of Physical Examination Department of Council of Forensic Medicine between the years 2009 to 2012 were retrospectively searched. Reports on sawed-off shotguns were evaluated on the basis of the type of the weapon, length of the barrel, ratio of the barrel length to the whole length, caliber, firing ability. Total files of the Ballistic Division between the years 2009 to 2012 were 6199. Retrospective evaluation of the files revealed presence of total 48 sawed-off shotgun cases. Trial shots by a sawed-off shotgun revealed similar defects on the cotton targets with the shots of a regular shotgun for the ranges of 50, 75 and 100 cm. These kinds of shotguns are being used in criminal acts mostly for the purpose of concealing it easily. The range of fire of these shotguns and the overall effects may be different due to shorter barrel length. In evaluation of cases with these guns this issue must be in mind. In order to decrease the use of sawed off shotguns in criminal acts in the country these kind of shotguns must be accepted as handguns due to lacking the nature of being a shotgun and the penalties must be imposed accordingly. © Medwell Journals, 2013

Investigation of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. and <i>Escherichia coli</i> in the Snake-eyed lizard (<i>Ophisops elegans</i>) (Sauria, Lacertidae) in the Çankırı Province of Turkey

Zoonoses are frequently associated with wild animals. Research on reptiles either living in their natural habitat or kept as pet animals has shown that these animals frequently serve as the asymptomatic hosts of bacterial zoonotic agents, including Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli. Studies have shown the potential of reptiles to transmit these pathogens to humans and other animals. Epidemiological research on the herpetofauna of various regions has demonstrated the high potential of reptiles as a reservoir of Salmonella spp. In the present study, Salmonella spp. were not isolated or identified from the snake-eyed lizard. Out of 150 cloacal swab samples of snake-eyed lizard 25 (16.7%) E. coli were isolated and out of these 4 (2.7%) were identified to be E. coli O157:H7 by PCR. The results suggest that Ophisops elegans could be involved in the transmission of E. coli, rather than Salmonella spp. This study demonstrates for the first time that the snake-eyed lizard acts as a cloacal carrier of E. coli O157:H7 and presents data that may aid in preventing the transmission of this strain to humans