Individual-level psychosocial factors and work disability prevention

Important factors to be carefully considered in work disability prevention are individual-level psychosocial factors. This chapter provides an overview of these factors and links them to theoretical models used in work disability prevention.</p

Глобалізм як явище сучасного світу і його вплив на трансформацію особистості (соціально-філософський аспект)

Вплив феномену глобалізму на сучасний світ сьогодні активно вивчається як зарубіжними, так і вітчизняними дослідниками – про це свідчить велика кількість публікацій, присвячених економічним, політичним, екологічним аспектам глобалізації [1, 2, 4-9]. Разом із цим, проблемою є відвертий брак наукових досліджень стосовно впливу глобалізму на особистість, людину в контексті її ментальності, культури, індивідуальних психологічних якостей. Ця тема, безумовно, має стати предметом численних та багатопланових досліджень, отож розкрити її у одній статті неможливо. Тому маємо на меті хоч у загальних рисах означити саме явище глобалізму в якості чинника трансформації особистості, простежити й передбачити основні вектори такої трансформації, а також віднайти компенсаційні механізми протидії негативному впливу глобалізації на особистість

Do older manual workers benefit in vitality after retirement? Findings from a 3-year follow-up panel study:Findings from a 3-year follow-up panel study

Vitality is the feeling of physical and mental aliveness. Vitality benefits individual, organizational and societal well-being. However, we know much less about the dynamics in the levels of vitality and its’ precursors. This study investigates the effects of retirement on vitality and how this effect differs between manual and non-manual workers and by baseline levels of vitality. We used two waves of the NIDI Pension Panel Survey, collected in the Netherlands in 2015 and 2018. Data from 4156 older workers (N = 4156), of whom 1934 (46.5%) retired between waves, were analysed. Vitality is assessed in three ways, as: (1) a composite measure of vitality, and its subcomponents (2) energy and (3) fatigue. Conditional Change OLS Regression models demonstrated that retirement is associated with improved vitality and decreased fatigue. Older workers who retire from manual work at wave 1 experienced the largest gains in vitality and highest declines in fatigue at wave 2, compared to those who remained employed. Retirement was more advantageous for older workers who experienced poor vitality and high fatigue at wave 1. No such effects were found for energy. Older workers in manual work, those experiencing low vitality and high fatigue at wave 1, may benefit most from early retirement. Since opportunities for early retirement are highly restrictive, it is essential to provide these groups of workers with effective work accommodations and interventions that may not only improve their vitality and quality of working life, but also extend their participation in the labour market. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10433-020-00590-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Anomalous Underscreening in the Restricted Primitive Model

Underscreening is a collective term for charge correlations in electrolytes decaying slower than the Debye length. Anomalous underscreening refers to phenomenology that cannot be attributed alone to steric interactions. Experiments with concentrated electrolytes and ionic fluids report anomalous underscreening which so far has not been observed in simulation. We present Molecular Dynamics simulation results exhibiting anomalous underscreening that can be connected to cluster formation. A theory which accounts for ion pairing confirms the trend. Our results challenge the classic understanding of dense electrolytes impacting the design of technologies for energy storage and conversion

Self-reported or register-based? A comparison of sickness absence data among 8110 public and private employees in Denmark:A comparison of sickness absence data among 8110 public and private employees in Denmark

Objectives The study aim was to examine (i) non-response bias between responders and non-responders, and (ii) whether the association between self-reported sickness absence (SA) and register-based SA differed by gender, age, sector, or physically demanding work. Methods The responses of 8110 participants to a question on self-reported SA in the past 12 months in the Work Environment and Health in Denmark Survey (2014) was linked to 12 months of SA data from the Danish Register of Work Absence. We used logistic regression for the non-response analysis and Poisson regression to examine associations. Results Responders had on average 0.5 days less SA per year than non-responders. Public employees had a higher response rate than private employees (approximately five percentage points), women had a higher rate than men (approximately nine percentage points), and older employees a higher rate than younger employees (approximately nine percentage points in ten years). Self-reported SA correlated highly with register-based SA (Spearman's rank correlation=0.76). In general, responders with few SA days (30) over-reported their SA. Women under-reported significantly more than men (average difference one day); older employees under-reported significantly more than younger employees (difference between age groups 18-29 and 60-64 was 1.7 days). Differences between sectors or levels of physically demanding work were non-significant. Conclusions Self-reported SA data may be influenced by non-response bias, and different accuracy in different demographic groups. When available, the use of register-based SA data is recommended