Beta estimates and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) per standard deviation (SD = 25.0) increase of Vitamin D on Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)-Subscales of the parent-ratings for boys aged 3–17 years using different adjusting sets in linear regression models.

<p>¹SES = socioeconomic status; ²BMI = Body Mass Index.</p

Low 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations are associated with emotional and behavioral problems in German children and adolescents

<div><p>Background</p><p>Evidence has accumulated for the association between low vitamin D serum concentrations and mental health disorders in both children and adults. We performed a cross-sectional analysis in a population-based sample of children and adolescents to detect associations between 25(OH)-vitamin D serum [25(OH)D] concentrations and scores of the five Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) subscales and the total difficulties score in different age groups (age ≥3-<12 years and ≥12-<18 years).</p><p>Methods</p><p>9068 participants of the population-based, nation-wide German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KIGGS) with information on mental health status assessed by the SDQ and 25(OH)D levels were included in the analysis. For statistical analysis we used linear regression models stratified by gender based on different adjustment sets. For the younger subsample the analysis was additionally adjusted for the frequency of playing outside. We compared the associations based on parent- and self-ratings of the SDQ for children and adolescents aged ≥12-<18 years.</p><p>Results</p><p>We found inverse associations between 25(OH)D concentrations and the subscales emotional problems, peer relationship problems and the total difficulties score in both genders after adjustment for potential confounders. The strongest associations were observed in the older subsample for parent-ratings in boys and self-ratings in girls. In the younger subsample the associations were less strong and no longer evident after adjustment for potential confounders such as migration background, socioeconomic status and frequency of playing outside.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Based on the large-scale cross-sectional study in a German population-based sample of children and adolescents we detected inverse associations between 25(OH)D concentrations and both parent- and self-rated SDQ scores of the total difficulties scale and different subscales with the strongest association in the subsample aged ≥12-<18 years for both genders. Migration background and socioeconomic status were detected as relevant confounders. Further studies–particularly in countries with comparatively low mean 25(OH)D concentrations–in childhood and adolescence are warranted. Longitudinal studies are also necessary to infer direction of effects. Finally, RCTs in children and adolescents are required to determine whether Vitamin D is beneficial for mental health.</p></div

Characteristics of study population aged 3-17years.

<p>Characteristics of study population aged 3-17years.</p

sj-docx-1-eso-10.1177_23969873221129080 – Supplemental material for Regular medication as a risk factor for intracranial aneurysms: A comparative case–control study

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-eso-10.1177_23969873221129080 for Regular medication as a risk factor for intracranial aneurysms: A comparative case–control study by Ramazan Jabbarli, Marvin Darkwah Oppong, Mehdi Chihi, Thiemo Florin Dinger, Maryam Said, Jan Rodemerk, Philipp Dammann, Börge Schmidt, Cornelius Deuschl, Nika Guberina, Karsten H. Wrede and Ulrich Sure in European Stroke Journal</p

Epidemiology and Prognostic Implications of Coronary Artery Calcium in Asymptomatic Individuals with Prediabetes: A Multi-Cohort Study

Objectives: To describe the epidemiology and prognostic value of the coronary artery calcium (CAC) among individuals with prediabetes. Research Design and Methods: We pooled participants free of clinical ASCVD from 4 prospective cohorts Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), Heinz-Nixdorf Recall Study (HNR), Framingham Heart Study (FHS) and Jackson Heart Study (JHS). Two definitions were used for prediabetes: inclusive (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] ≥100-<126 mg/dL and hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] ≥5.7-<6.5%, if available, among participants not taking glucose-lowering medications) and restrictive (FPG ≥110-<126 mg/dL and HbA1c ≥5.7-<6.5%, if available). Results: The study included 13,376 participants (mean age 58 years, 54% women, 57% White, 27% Black). The proportion with CAC≥100 was 17%, 22%, and 37% among those with euglycemia, prediabetes, and diabetes, respectively. Over a median (25th – 75th percentile) follow up time of 14.6 (7.8-16.4) years, individuals with prediabetes and CAC≥100 had higher unadjusted 10-year incidence of ASCVD (13.4%) than the overall group of those with diabetes (10.6%). In adjusted analyses, using the inclusive definition of prediabetes, compared to individuals with euglycemia the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval) for ASCVD was 0.79 (0.62, 1.01) for prediabetes and CAC=0, 0.70 (0.54, 0.89) for prediabetes and CAC 1-99, 1.54 (1.27, 1.88) for prediabetes and CAC≥100; and 1.64 (1.39, 1.93) for diabetes. Using the restrictive definition, the HR for ASCVD was 1.63 (1.29, 2.06) for prediabetes and CAC≥100. Conclusions: CAC≥100 is frequent among individuals with prediabetes, and identifies a high ASCVD risk subgroup in which the adjusted ASCVD risk is similar to people with diabetes.</p

Additional file 1 of Changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior during the first COVID-19 pandemic- restrictions in Germany: a nationwide survey

Additional file 1: Supplement 1. Flow diagram of the NAKO cohort study. Supplement 2. Frequency of missing data. Supplement 3. Changes in sedentary behavior and physical activity domains. Supplement 4. Interaction between age and the development of depressive symptoms on the change of physical activity and sedentary behavior at the onset of the COVID-19 restrictions